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AMSA P-D™ Parke-Davis Amsacrine Antineoplastic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Amsacrine is a potent cytotoxic agent. In in vitro studies, the LD50 against cultured L1210 cells is 0.04 µg/mL and 0.2 µg/mL against cultured Novikoff cells at 6 hours. Higher concentrations or longer exposure produce cell destruction. A 3 hour exposure of Novikoff cells to 2 µg of AMSA P-D indicated 62% inhibition of DNA synthesis (incorporation of radioactive thymidine) while…

AMIKIN® Bristol Amikacin Sulfate Antibiotic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Amikacin is a semi-synthetic bactericidal aminoglycoside antibiotic affecting bacterial growth by specific inhibition of protein synthesis in susceptible bacteria and is active primarily against gram negative organisms, including Pseudomonas. A 30 g amikacin sensitivity disc should give a zone inhibition of 17 mm or greater to be sensitive, using the Kirby-Bauer method of disc sensitivity for the causative organism. The pharmacokinetics…

AMITRIPTYLINE Antidepressant Pharmacology: Amitriptyline is a tertiary amine tricyclic antidepressant. The manner in which the tricyclic antidepressants exert their clinical antidepressant effect is uncertain but they have been shown to block, in different degrees, the reuptake of various neurotransmitters including serotonin and norepinephrine at the neuronal membrane. This action potentiates the effects of these neurotransmitters. Amitriptyline exhibits strong anticholinergic activity, cardiovascular effects including orthostatic hypotension, changes in heart rhythm and…

AMERGE® Glaxo Wellcome Naratriptan HCl 5-HT1 Receptor Agonist – Migraine Therapy Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Naratriptan has been demonstrated to be a selective agonist for a vascular 5-hydroxytryptamine1 receptor subtype (probably a member of the 5-HT1B/1D family) with little or no binding affinity for 5-HT2/3 receptor subtypes, alpha1-, alpha2-, or beta-adrenergic; dopamine1; dopamine2; muscarinic; or benzodiazepine receptors. Naratriptan did not exhibit agonist or antagonist activity in ex vivo assays of…

ALTACE® Hoechst Marion Roussel Ramipril Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Ramipril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, which is used in the treatment of essential hypertension, and following acute myocardial infarction in stabilized patients with clinically confirmed heart failure. Following oral administration, ramipril is rapidly hydrolyzed to ramiprilat, its principal active metabolite. Angiotensin-converting enzyme catalyzes the conversion of angiotensin I to the vasoconstrictor substance, angiotensin II. Angiotensin…

ALKERAN® Glaxo Wellcome Melphalan Antineoplastic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Melphalan is an alkylating agent of the bischloroethylamine type. As a result, its cytotoxicity appears to be related to the extent of its interstrand cross-linking with DNA, probably by binding at the Nposition of guanine. Like other bifunctional alkylating agents, it is active against both resting and rapidly dividing tumor cells. Pharmacokinetics: The pharmacokinetics of melphalan after i.v. administration have been…

ALFENTA® Janssen-Ortho Alfentanil HCl Opioid Analgesic – Adjunct to Anesthesia Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Alfentanil is a potent opioid analgesic/anesthetic with a rapid onset and short duration of action. The analgesic potency of alfentanil is 1/4 to 1/3 that of fentanyl. Low to moderate doses of alfentanil in short-stay surgical procedures provide good analgesic protection against hemodynamic responses to surgical stress and rapid recovery. Hemodynamic stability and duration of action…

ALIMENTUM® Abbott Infant Feeding Formula Indications And Clinical Uses: A nutritionally complete formula for infants and children with milk and/or soy protein allergy, severe food allergies, colic due to milk sensitivity, select cases of chronic diarrhea or maldigestion/malabsorption. Precautions: Shake very well to assure proper blending. Because of the special nutritional characteristics of Alimentum, it does not look or taste like milk or soy formulations. This is a ready-to-feed formula;…

ALBERT® GLYBURIDE Albert Pharma Glyburide Oral Hypoglycemic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: The principal action of glyburide results in an increased insulin release from the beta cells of the pancreas. Other mechanisms leading to a reduction of blood glucose are also believed to be influenced by glyburide. The insertion of an alkylene chain on the benzene nucleus results in a product of very high potency. Schulz and Schmidt indicated that the…

AGRYLIN™ Roberts Anagrelide HCl Platelet-reducing Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: The mechanism by which anagrelide reduces blood platelet count is still under investigation. Studies in patients support a hypothesis of dose-related reduction in platelet production resulting from a decrease in megakaryocyte hypermaturation. In blood withdrawn from normal volunteers treated with anagrelide, a disruption was found in the postmitotic phase of megakaryocyte development and a reduction in megakaryocyte size and ploidy….