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DIABETA® Hoechst Marion Roussel Glyburide Oral Hypoglycemic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: The principal action of glyburide results in an increased insulin release from the beta cells of the pancreas. Other mechanisms leading to a reduction of blood glucose are also believed to be influenced by glyburide. The insertion of an alkylene chain on the benzene nucleus results in a product of very high potency. Schulz and Schmidt indicated that the…

DESENEX® Novartis Consumer Health Undecylenic Acid – Zinc Undecylenate Antifungal Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Undecylenic acid is an antifungal agent, effective in the treatment of superficial fungal infections of the skin, such as tinea pedis (athlete’s foot), tinea cruris (jock itch) and tina corporis due to T. rubrum, T. mentagrophytes and E. flocossum, exclusive of nails and hair area. tag_IndicationsIndications Indications And Clinical Uses: For the treatment and prevention of…

DEPEN® Carter Horner Penicillamine Chelating Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: As a chelating agent, penicillamine removes copper from the body. In vitro studies indicate that one atom of copper combines with 2 molecules of penicillamine. It would appear that 1 g of penicillamine should be followed by the excretion of about 200 mg of copper; however, the actual amount excreted is about 1% of this. Penicillamine also reduces excess cystine…

DALMANE® Roche Flurazepam HCl Hypnotic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Flurazepam, a benzodiazepine derivative, is a hypnotic agent which does not appear to decrease dream time as measured by rapid eye movements (REM). Flurazepam decreases sleep latency and number of awakenings for a consequent increase in total sleep time. The duration of hypnotic effect and the profile of unwanted effects may be influenced by the alpha (distribution) and beta (elimination) half-lives…

DARAPRIM® Glaxo Wellcome Pyrimethamine Antimalarial Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Pyrimethamine is a folic acid antagonist and the rationale for its therapeutic action is based on the differential requirement between host and parasite for nucleic acid precursors involved in growth. This activity is highly selective against plasmodia and Toxoplasma gondii. Pyrimethamine does not destroy gametocytes, but arrests sporogony in the mosquito. Peak plasma levels are found between 2 and 4 hours…

DALACIN® C Pharmacia & Upjohn Clindamycin HCl Antibiotic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Clindamycin exerts its antibacterial effect by causing cessation of protein synthesis and also causing a reduction in the rate of synthesis of nucleic acids. In vitro studies indicate that clindamycin has antibacterial activity against sensitive gram-positive organisms. The spectrum of activity includes staphylococci (including penicillinase-producing and methicillin resistant strains), hemolytic streptococci, S. viridans and S. pneumoniae. In addition,…

DYRENIUM® SmithKline Beecham Triamterene Diuretic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Triamterene exerts its diuretic effect on the distal renal tubule to inhibit the reabsorption of sodium in exchange for potassium and hydrogen ions. This natriuretic activity is limited by the amount of sodium reaching its site of action. Although triamterene blocks the increase in this exchange, which is stimulated by mineralocorticoids (chiefly aldosterone), its action takes place through a direct effect…

DURAGESIC® Janssen-Ortho Fentanyl Opioid Analgesic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Fentanyl is an opioid analgesic which interacts predominantly with the opioid receptor. Fentanyl produces analgesia, sedation, respiratory depression, constipation, and physical dependence but appears to have less emetic activity than other opioid analgesics. Fentanyl may produce muscle rigidity, miosis, cough reflex suppression, alterations in mood, bradycardia and broncho-constriction. Analgesic blood levels of fentanyl may cause nausea and vomiting directly by stimulating…

DTIC® Bayer Dacarbazine Antineoplastic Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Although dacarbazine’s exact mechanism of action is not known, 3 hypotheses have been offered: 1. inhibition of DNA synthesis by acting as a purine analog. 2. action as an alkylating agent. 3. interaction with SH groups. Dacarbazine is only slightly (approximately 5%) protein bound. Its plasma half-life after i.v. administration is approximately 35 minutes. In animals, approximately 46% of a radio…

CISPLATIN INJECTION Faulding Antineoplastic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Cisplatin is thought to act by producing inter-strand and intra-strand cross-links of cellular DNA in a similar manner to bifunctional alkylating agents. It does not appear to be cell-cycle specific. Using radioactive platinum, a high uptake of the drug was found in kidneys, liver and intestines with poor penetration of the CNS. An initial plasma half-life of 25 to 49 minutes and…