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APO®-ETODOLAC Apotex Etodolac Anti-inflammatory Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Etodolac is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that exhibits anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic properties in animal models. The pharmacological actions of etodolac are thought to be related to inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis at the site of inflammation. Etodolac is a racemic mixture of R- and S-etodolac. As with other NSAIDs, it has been demonstrated in animals that the S-form is biologically active…

APO®-KETOCONAZOLE Apotex Ketoconazole Antifungal Action And Clinical Pharmacology: In vitro studies suggest that the antifungal properties of ketoconazole may be related to its ability to impair the synthesis of ergosterol, a component of fungal and yeast cell membranes. Without the availability of this essential sterol, there are morphological alterations of the fungal and yeast cell membranes manifested as abnormal membranous inclusions between the cell wall and the plasma membrane. The…

APO®-MOCLOBEMIDE Apotex Moclobemide Antidepressant Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Moclobemide is a short-acting, reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase type A (RIMA). It is a benzamide derivative which inhibits the deamination of serotonin, noradrenaline and dopamine. This action leads to increased concentrations of these neurotransmitters, which may account for the antidepressant activity of moclobemide. Monoamine oxidases are currently subclassified into 2 types, A and B, which differ in their substrate specificity. Moclobemide…

APO®-CROMOLYN Apotex Sodium Cromoglycate Seasonal Rhinitis Prophylaxis Action And Clinical Pharmacology: In the immediate allergic reaction (Type I) the union of antigen with reaginic antibody leads to the formation and release of spasmogens and other mediators of the anaphylactic reaction. Sodium cromoglycate appears to block a step in the chain of events triggered by this union. This property accounts for the prophylactic rather than symptomatic approach to the management of…

APO®-CROMOLYN STERULES Apotex Cromolyn Sodium Asthma Prophylaxis Action And Clinical Pharmacology: In vitro and in vivo animal studies have shown that cromolyn sodium inhibits sensitized mast cell degranulation which occurs after exposure to specific antigens. It acts by inhibiting the release of mediators from mast cells. Studies show that cromolyn sodium indirectly blocks calcium ions from entering the mast cell, thereby preventing mediator release. Cromolyn sodium inhibits both the immediate…

ANUSOL® ANUSOL® PLUS Warner-Lambert Consumer Healthcare Zinc Sulfate Monohydrate Pramoxine HCl – Zinc Sulfate Monohydrate Anorectal Therapy Indications And Clinical Uses: Symptomatic relief of pain and discomfort as in: external and internal hemorrhoids, proctitis, papillitis, cryptitis, fissures, incomplete fistulas and relief of local pain following anorectal surgery. Contra-Indications: History of sensitivity to any component. Precautions: In case of rectal bleeding, consult physician promptly. Adverse Reactions: An occasional patient may experience…

ANUSOL® ANUSOL® PLUS Warner-Lambert Consumer Healthcare Zinc Sulfate Monohydrate Pramoxine HCl – Zinc Sulfate Monohydrate Anorectal Therapy Indications And Clinical Uses: Symptomatic relief of pain and discomfort as in: external and internal hemorrhoids, proctitis, papillitis, cryptitis, fissures, incomplete fistulas and relief of local pain following anorectal surgery. Contra-Indications: History of sensitivity to any component. Precautions: In case of rectal bleeding, consult physician promptly. Adverse Reactions: An occasional patient may experience…

ANZEMET™ Hoechst Marion Roussel Dolasetron Mesylate Antiemetic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Dolasetron and its active metabolite, hydrodolasetron (MDL 74156), are selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonists shown not to have activity at other known serotonin receptors and with low affinity for dopamine receptors. The serotonin 5-HT3 receptors are located on the nerve terminals of the vagus in the periphery and centrally in the chemoreceptor trigger zone of the area postrema. It is…

  APO®-ACYCLOVIR Apotex Acyclovir Antiviral Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Acyclovir, a synthetic acyclic purine nucleoside analog, is a substrate with a high degree of specificity for herpes simplex and varicella-zoster specified thymidine kinase. Acyclovir is a poor substrate for host cell-specified thymidine kinase. Herpes simplex and varicella-zoster specified thymidine kinase transform acyclovir to its monophosphate which is then transformed by a number of cellular enzymes to acyclovir diphosphate and…

APO®-CEFACLOR Apotex Cefaclor Antibiotic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Like other b-lactam antibiotics, cefaclor owes its antibacterial activity to its ability to bind to and inhibit the action of certain bacterial cell wall synthetic enzymes, the penicillin-binding proteins. Cefaclor is well absorbed after oral administration to fed and fasted subjects. Following doses of 250 mg, 500 mg, and 1 g to fasted subjects, average peak serum levels of approximately 7, 13…