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AQUASOL® E Novartis Consumer Health Vitamin E Vitamin Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Vitamin E is a fat soluble vitamin which is present in many foods and exists in a variety of forms. It is considered an essential element of human nutrition, with many of its actions related to its antioxidant properties. Indications And Clinical Uses: A nutritional supplement for the treatment of vitamin E deficiency. Vitamin E deficiency states are…

ARALEN® Sanofi Chloroquine Phosphate Antimalarial – Antiparasitic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Chloroquine has been found to be highly active against the erythrocytic forms of Plasmodium vivax, ovale and malariae and many strains of Plasmodium falciparum (but not the gametocytes of Plasmodium falciparum). The precise mechanism of plasmodicidal action of the drug is not known. While the drug can inhibit certain enzymes, its effect is believed to result, in part, from…

AREDIA® Novartis Pharmaceuticals Pamidronate Disodium Bone Metabolism Regulator Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Pamidronate belongs to a class of bisphosphonates (previously termed diphosphonate), which inhibit bone resorption. The therapeutic activity of pamidronate is attributable to its potent anti-osteoclastic activity on bone. In animal studies, at therapeutic doses, pamidronate inhibits bone resorption apparently without inhibiting bone formation and mineralization. The predominant means by which pamidronate reduces bone turnover both in vitro and…

AQUACORT® Spectropharm Dermatology Hydrocortisone Topical Corticosteroid Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Topical corticosteroids are synthetic derivatives of cortisone which are effective when applied locally to control many types of inflammatory, allergic and pruritic dermatoses. They are thought to act by controlling the rate of synthesis of proteins. The primary action of the corticosteroid is to interfere with the synthesis of arachidonic acid by inhibiting the phospholipase A2 synthesis. The overall effect…

AQUAPHOR® Smith & Nephew Petrolatum Dermatological Base Indications And Clinical Uses: A neutral, anhydrous base for compounding smooth, stable emulsions; highly miscible with both aqueous solutions and other oil-based substances. For severely dry skin. Also helps promote healing of minor skin irritations. Precautions: For external use only. Avoid contact with eyes. If this occurs, rinse thoroughly with water. If rash or irritation occurs or worsens, discontinue use and consult a…

APO®-TERAZOSIN Apotex Terazosin HCl Antihypertensive Agent – Symptomatic Treatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Hypertension: The antihypertensive effect of terazosin is believed to be a direct result of peripheral vasodilation. Although the exact mechanism by which the lowering of blood pressure is achieved is not known, the relaxation of the vessels appears to be produced mainly by selective blockade of a1-adrenoceptors. Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH): The…

APO®-OFLOX Apotex Ofloxacin Antibacterial Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Ofloxacin is a broad-spectrum, synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent for oral administration. Ofloxacin is thought to exert a bactericidal effect on susceptible bacterial cells by inhibiting the essential bacterial enzyme DNA gyrase, a critical catalyst in the duplication, transcription and repair of bacteria. The bioavailability of ofloxacin in the tablet formulation is approximately 98%. Ofloxacin is rapidly and completely absorbed from the upper…

APRESOLINE® Novartis Pharmaceuticals Hydralazine HCl Antihypertensive Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Although the precise mechanism of action of hydralazine is not fully understood, the major effects are on the cardiovascular system. Hydralazine apparently lowers blood pressure by exerting a peripheral vasodilating effect through a direct relaxation of vascular smooth muscle. Hydralazine, by altering cellular calcium metabolism, interferes with the calcium movements within the vascular smooth muscle that are responsible for initiating…

APO®-TICLOPIDINE Apotex Ticlopidine HCl Inhibitor of Platelet Function Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Ticlopidine is an inhibitor of platelet aggregation. It causes a time and dose-dependent inhibition of platelet aggregation and release of platelet factors, as well as prolongation of bleeding time. The drug has no significant in vitro activity. The exact mechanism of action is not fully characterized, but does not involve inhibition of the prostacyclin/thromboxane pathways or platelet cAMP….

APO®-DOMPERIDONE Apotex Domperidone Maleate Modifier of Upper Gastrointestinal Motility Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Domperidone is a peripheral dopamine antagonist structurally related to the butyrophenones with antiemetic and gastroprokinetic properties. Domperidone effectively increases esophageal peristalsis and lower esophageal sphincter pressure (LESP), increases gastric motility and peristalsis, enhances gastroduodenal coordination and consequently facilitates gastric emptying and decreases small bowel transit time. The mechanism of action of domperidone is related to its peripheral…