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RAFTON® Liquid RAFTON® Tablets Ferring Alginic Acid Compound Gastroesophageal Reflux Therapy Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Rafton forms a protective neutralizing foam barrier in the stomach that effectively stops the upward flow of stomach acids into the esophagus providing fast relief of heartburn. Indications And Clinical Uses: For the effective relief of day or night-time heartburn or for discomfort of the esophagus due to upward flow of stomach acids. Precautions: Each…

RAXAR™ Glaxo Wellcome Grepafloxacin HCl Antibacterial Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Grepafloxacin is a broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibiotic. It has in vitro activity against a wide range of gram-positive and gram-negative aerobic microorganisms, as well as some atypical microorganisms. Grepafloxacin exerts its antibacterial activity by inhibiting bacterial topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) and topoisomerase IV, essential enzymes for duplication, transcription, and repair of bacterial DNA. Grepafloxacin is bactericidal at concentrations equal to or…

QUIBRON®-T QUIBRON®-T/SR Bristol Theophylline Bronchodilator Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Theophylline is a xanthine derivative structurally related to theobromine and caffeine. It has 2 distinct actions in the airways of patients with reversible obstruction: smooth muscle relaxation (i.e., bronchodilation) and suppression of the response of the airways to stimuli (i.e., nonbronchodilator prophylactic effects). While its mechanisms of action are not known with certainty, studies in animals suggest that theophylline bronchodilation is…

QUESTRAN® QUESTRAN® LIGHT Bristol Cholestyramine Resin Antidiarrheal – Antihypercholesterolemic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Cholestyramine is a quarternary ammonium anion exchange resin with a polystyrene polymer skeleton. As the chloride salt, it binds bile acids both in vitro and in vivo, exchanging chloride for bile acid. Cholesterol is probably the sole precursor of bile acids. During normal digestion, bile acids are secreted into the intestines. A major portion of the bile…

QUINATE Rougier Quinidine Gluconate Antiarrhythmic Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Quinidine depresses excitability, conduction velocity and contractility of most cardiac tissues by a direct action on cardiac cells. Indirectly, cardiac tissues will also be affected by the anticholinergic and a-adrenoceptor blocking properties of quinidine. According to Vaughan Williams-Harrison antiarrhythmic drug classification, quinidine is a Class IA agent. Thus, quinidine reduces the maximal rate of phase 0 depolarization, prolongs repolarization and…

QUINIDINE SULFATE Glaxo Wellcome Antiarrhythmic Pharmacology: Quinidine depresses excitability, conduction velocity and contractility of most cardiac tissues by a direct action on cardiac cells. Indirectly, cardiac tissues will also be affected by the anticholinergic and a-adrenoceptor blocking properties of quinidine. According to Vaughan Williams’ antiarrhythmic drug classification, quinidine is a Class 1A agent. Thus, quinidine reduces the maximal rate of phase 0 depolarization, prolongs repolarization and refractory periods and, in…

QUINIDINE General Monograph, Quinidine Antiarrhythmic – Antimalarial Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Quinidine is a class IA antiarrhythmic agent according to the Vaughan-Williams classification. It depresses most cardiac tissues by a direct action on cardiac cells. Quinidine depresses the rapid inward depolarizing sodium current, thereby reducing the amplitude of the action potential without affecting the resting potential. The slope of the slow depolarization phase of Purkinje fibres is reduced, and the…

QUADRACEL™ Connaught Component Pertussis Vaccine – Diphtheria and Tetanus Toxoids Adsorbed Combined with Inactivated Poliomyelitis Vaccine Active Immunizing Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Immunization against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis and polio has been associated with a striking decrease in the incidence of morbidity and mortality from these diseases. Simultaneous vaccination with a combination vaccine containing pertussis, diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and poliomyelitis vaccines have been used in Canada since 1958. Diphtheria…

PROBETA® Allergan Levobunolol HCl – Dipivefrin HCl Glaucoma Therapy Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Probeta is a combination of levobunolol (a noncardioselective beta-adrenoceptor blocking agent) and dipivefrin (an adrenergic agonist) which acts to lower elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). Elevated IOP presents a major risk factor in glaucomatous field loss. The higher the level of IOP, the greater the likelihood of optic nerve damage and visual field loss. Poor ocular perfusion may…

PRINIVIL® MSD Lisinopril Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Lisinopril is an ACE inhibitor which is used in the treatment of hypertension, congestive heart failure and following myocardial infarction in hemodynamically stable patients. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) is a peptidyl dipeptidase which catalyzes the conversion of angiotensin I to the pressor substance, angiotensin II. Inhibition of ACE results in decreased plasma angiotensin II, which leads to increased plasma…