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AZMACORT® Rhône-Poulenc Rorer Triamcinolone Acetonide Corticosteroid Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Triamcinolone is a potent anti-inflammatory steroid with strong topical and weak systemic activity. When inhaled at therapeutic dosages, it has a direct anti-inflammatory action on the bronchial mucosa. Since the minute amounts absorbed do not exert any significant systemic effect, inhaled triamcinolone can replace oral steroids with the elimination of the untoward effects of systemic therapy. Indications And Clinical Uses:…

AVC® Hoechst Marion Roussel Sulfanilamide Vaginitis Therapy Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Sulfanilamide has been an ingredient of vaginal formulations for about four decades. It blocks certain metabolic processes essential for the growth of susceptible bacteria. AVC Cream is buffered to the pH of the normal healthy vagina (approximately 4.3) to encourage the presence of normally occurring DSderlein bacilli of the vagina. Indications And Clinical Uses: For the treatment of vulvovaginitis…

AVIRAX™ Fabrigen Acyclovir Antiviral Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Acyclovir, a synthetic acyclic nucleoside analog, is a substrate with a high degree of specificity for herpes simplex and varicella-zoster specified thymidine kinase. Acyclovir is a poor substrate for host cell-specified thymidine kinase. Herpes simplex and varicella-zoster specified thymidine kinase transform acyclovir to its monophosphate which is then transformed by a number of cellular enzymes to acyclovir diphosphate and acyclovir triphosphate. Acyclovir…

AVENTYL® Lilly Nortriptyline HCl Antidepressant Action And Clinical Pharmacology: The mechanism of mood elevation of tricyclic antidepressants is at present unknown. Nortriptyline is not an MAO inhibitor. It inhibits the activity of such diverse agents as histamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, and acetylcholine. It increases the pressor effect of norepinephrine but blocks the pressor response of phenethylamine. Studies suggest that nortriptyline interferes with the transport, release, and storage of catecholamines. Indications And Clinical…

ATROVENT® Inhalation Aerosol Boehringer Ingelheim Ipratropium Bromide Bronchodilator Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Ipratropium, a quaternary ammonium derivative of atropine is an anticholinergic drug having bronchodilator properties. On inhalation the onset of action is noted within 5 to 15 minutes with a peak response between 1 and 2 hours, lasting about 2 additional hours with subsequent decline. An inhaled dose of 40 g induces bronchodilator effect lasting for some 6 hours….

ATROVENT® Nasal Spray Boehringer Ingelheim Ipratropium Bromide Topical Anticholinergic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Ipratropium, a quaternary ammonium derivative of atropine, is an anticholinergic drug. Ipratropium administered intranasally has a localized parasympathetic blocking action which reduces watery hypersecretion from mucosal glands in the nose. Two nasal provocation trials in perennial rhinitis patients (n=44) using ipratropium nasal spray showed a dose-dependent increase in inhibition of methacholine-induced nasal secretion with an onset of…

ATROVENT® Inhalation Solution Boehringer Ingelheim Ipratropium Bromide Bronchodilator Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Ipratropium, a quaternary ammonium derivative of atropine, is an anticholinergic drug which has bronchodilator properties. On inhalation, the onset of action is noted within 5 to 15 minutes, with a peak response between 1 and 2 hours, lasting about 2 additional hours, with subsequent decline from the peak. Bronchodilation is still evident 8 hours after inhalation. In acute…

AURALGAN® Whitehall-Robins Antipyrine – Benzocaine Analgesic – Antiphlogistic Indications And Clinical Uses: As an analgesic and decongestant for pain and inflammation in the ear, swimmer’s ear; adjunctive treatment of otitis media. Contra-Indications: Hypersensitivity to any of the components. Precautions: Do not rinse dropper with water. Keep dry. Keep well closed. Dosage: Warm Auralgan slightly and fill ear canal. Saturate cotton plug with Auralgan and insert in ear. Repeat several times…

AVAPRO™ Bristol-Myers Squibb/Sanofi Canada Irbesartan Angiotensin II AT1 Receptor Blocker Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Irbesartan antagonizes angiotensin II by blocking AT1 receptors. Angiotensin II is the primary vasoactive hormone in the renin-angiotensin system. Its effects include vasoconstriction and the stimulation of aldosterone secretion by the adrenal cortex. Irbesartan blocks the vasoconstrictor and aldosterone-secreting effects of angiotensin II by selectively blocking in a noncompetitive manner the binding of angiotensin II to…

ATIVAN® Wyeth-Ayerst Lorazepam Anxiolytic – Sedative Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Lorazepam is a benzodiazepine with CNS depressant, anxiolytic and sedative properties. Lorazepam has also been shown to possess anticonvulsant activity. Peak plasma concentrations of free lorazepam after oral administration are reached at 2 hours (range 1 to 6 hours). Peak concentrations are reached in 60 to 90 minutes after i.m. administration and in 60 minutes after sublingual administration. Lorazepam is…