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CYSTISTAT® Bioniche Sodium Hyaluronate GAG Layer Replacement Action And Clinical Pharmacology: The glycosaminoglycan (GAG) layer on the luminal surface of the bladder wall is believed to provide a protective barrier against microorganisms, carcinogens, crystals and other agents present in the urine and has been identified as the primary defense mechanism in protecting the transitional epithelium from urinary irritants. Deficiencies in this GAG layer of the bladder epithelium may destroy its…

CYLERT® Abbott Pemoline CNS Stimulant Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Pemoline is a CNS stimulant, which, although structurally different from the amphetamines and methylphenidate, possesses pharmacological activity similar to that of other known stimulants. Peak serum levels after single doses are reached within 2 to 4 hours and the serum half-life is approximately 12 hours. Multiple dose studies in adults at several dose levels indicate that steady state is reached in…

CYSTO-CONRAY® CYSTO-CONRAY® II Mallinckrodt Iothalamate Meglumine Radiopaque Medium Description: Retrograde instillation opacifies selected segments of the urinary tract, permitting fluoroscopic and radiographic visualization of structures such as the urethra, bladder, ureters and pelvico-calyceal system. Indications And Clinical Uses: Use in retrograde cystography and cystourethrography. Cysto-Conray is also indicated for use in retrograde pyelography. Contra-Indications: In patients with a known hypersensitivity to salts of iothalamic acid, the use of this preparation…

CYTADREN® Novartis Pharmaceuticals Aminoglutethimide Adrenal Suppressant – Reversible Inhibitor of Peripheral Estrogen Synthesis Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Cushing’s Syndrome: Aminoglutethimide is a potent reversible inhibitor of adrenal mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid synthesis. It partially inhibits the enzymatic conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone, the reaction that initiates steroidogenesis in the adrenal cortex. As well, aminoglutethimide blocks the C-11, C-18 and C-21 hydroxylation of steroids. In Cushing’s syndrome of all etiologies other than…

CYCLOMEN® Sanofi Danazol Pituitary Gonadotropin Inhibitor Action And Clinical Pharmacology: In women of reproductive age, the primary mode of action of danazol is believed to be by suppression of the pituitary-ovarian axis, and inhibition of the output of gonadotropins from the pituitary-gland. Other mechanisms of action currently postulated to explain its effects are: inhibition of midcycle FSH and LH surges: inhibition of enzymes required for gonadal hormone synthesis: competitive binding…

  CYCLOPENTOLATE HCl General Monograph, Cycloplegic – Mydriatic – Anticholinergic Cyclopentolate is an anticholinergic agent that induces relaxation of the sphincter of the iris and the ciliary muscles. When applied topically to the eyes, it causes a rapid, intense cycloplegic and mydriatic effect that is maximal in 15 to 60 minutes; recovery usually occurs within 24 hours. The cycloplegic and mydriatic effects are slower in onset and longer in duration…

CRIXIVAN® MSD Indinavir Sulfate HIV Protease Inhibitor Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Indinavir is a selective protease inhibitor active against the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV-1). Mechanism of Action: HIV protease is an enzyme required for the proteolytic cleavage of the viral polyprotein precursors into the individual functional proteins found in infectious HIV. Indinavir binds to the protease active site and inhibits the activity of the enzyme. This inhibition prevents cleavage of…

CUPRIMINE® MSD Penicillamine Chelating Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: As a chelating agent, penicillamine removes copper and lead from the body. In copper chelation, from in vitro studies which indicate that one atom of copper combines with 2 molecules of penicillamine. It would appear that 1 g of penicillamine should be followed by the excretion of about 200 mg of copper; however, the actual amount excreted is about 1% of…

CYCLOCORT® Stiefel Amcinonide Topical Corticosteroid Indications And Clinical Uses: The relief of inflammatory manifestations of acute and chronic corticosteroid-responsive dermatoses, such as atopic dermatitis, contact and eczematous dermatoses, psoriasis and neurodermatitis. Topical corticosteroid therapy, although responsible for remissions of dermatoses, especially of allergic origin, cannot be expected to prevent recurrence. In the case of contact or allergic dermatitis, it is important to investigate causal factors and to remove the offending…

CYCLEN® Janssen-Ortho Norgestimate – Ethinyl Estradiol Oral Contraceptive Action And Clinical Pharmacology: The primary mechanism of action is an inhibition of ovulation. Additionally, other effects caused by the treatment (e.g., alteration of the endometrium and the thickening of the cervical mucus), appear to interfere with implantation and conception. Indications And Clinical Uses: Conception control. Contra-Indications: History of/or actual thrombophlebitis or thromboembolic disorders; history of/or actual cerebrovascular disorders; history of/or actual…