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VIPRINEX® Knoll Ancrod Anticoagulant Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Ancrod, a thrombin-like enzyme obtained from the venom of the Malayan Pit Viper (Agkistrodon rhodostoma), is highly specific for fibrinogen, producing anticoagulation by defibrinogenation. Enzymatically, Ancrod cleaves fibrinogen to split off the A-fibrinopeptides (A, AY and AP), but not the B-fibrinopeptide. The resulting fibrin polymers are imperfectly formed and much smaller in size (1 to 2 m long) than the fibrin polymers…

Virazole (Lyophilized) ICN Ribavirin Antiviral Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Ribavirin is active against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). In cell cultures, the inhibitory activity of ribavirin for RSV is selective. The mechanism(s) of action is unknown, although evidence exists that inhibition of other RNA and DNA viruses may be due to ribavirin competition with guanosine in formation of viral mRNA cap structures and/or interference with enzymes responsible for functional methylation of…

VIQUIN FORTE® ICN Hydroquinone – Glycolic Acid Depigmentation Agent – Moisturizer Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Hyperpigmentation refers to the brown skin spots caused by an excess of the skin pigment melanin in certain areas. It can be hereditary as are freckles, caused by sun damage, occur with increasing age, or be related to pregnancy or the use of oral contraceptives. Hyperpigmentation usually develops gradually and increases with sun exposure. Skin…

VIDEX™ Bristol Didanosine Antiretroviral Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Didanosine is a synthetic, purine nucleoside analogue of deoxyadenosine, active against the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Didanosine inhibits the in vitro replication of HIV in human primary cells cultures and in established cell lines. The active antiviral metabolite, dideoxyadenosine-triphosphate (ddATP), is formed in several steps by phosphorylation of didanosine by cellular enzymes. Inhibition of HIV reverse transcriptase by ddATP is through…

VINCRISTINE SULFATE INJECTION USP Faulding Antineoplastic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: The mode of action of vincristine has not been completely delineated. Evidence is available from in vitro studies that vincristine inhibits spindle formation and is associated with the reversible binding of vincristine to spindle proteins in the S phase. Vincristine has also been found to interfere with RNA synthesis. It has also been shown to stop cell reproduction in metaphase,…

VIOFORM® HYDROCORTISONE Novartis Pharmaceuticals Clioquinol – Hydrocortisone Antibacterial – Antifungal – Topical Corticosteroid Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Clioquinol, the antimicrobial component of Vioform Hydrocortisone, is active against a broad spectrum of pathogenic microorganisms, including fungi (e.g., Candida, Microsporum, Trichophyton) and gram-positive bacteria (e.g., Staphylococci). Clioquinol has only a slight inhibitory effect on gram-negative bacteria. Clioquinol exerts a bacteriostatic, rather than a bactericidal action. Hydrocortisone is a mild glucocorticoid with an…

VIAGRA® (sildenafil citrate) Tablets DESCRIPTION VIAGRA®, an oral therapy for erectile dysfunction, is the citrate salt of sildenafil, a selective inhibitor of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-specific phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5). Sildenafil citrate is designated chemically as 1-[[3-(6,7-dihydro-1-methyl-7-oxo-3-propyl-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)-4-ethoxyphenyl]sulfonyl]-4-methylpiperazine citrate and has the following structural formula: Sildenafil citrate is a white to off-white crystalline powder with a solubility of 3.5 mg/mL in water and a molecular weight of 666.7. VIAGRA® (sildenafil citrate)…

VIBRA-TABS™ C-PAK™ Pfizer Doxycycline Hyclate Antibiotic Indications And Clinical Uses: In adult patients with urethritis, cervicitis and vaginitis with a positive test for C. trachomatis and/or U. urealyticum, clinical resolution and absence of detectable organisms have only been observed at completion of oral therapy with doxycycline. Relapses or reinfection can occur. In these cases, limited data suggest that some patients may derive clinical benefit from the oral administration of doxycycline…

VIBRA-TABS™ Pfizer Doxycycline Hyclate Antibiotic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Doxycycline hyclate is a broad-spectrum antibiotic and is active against a wide range of gram-negative and gram-positive organisms. Doxycycline exerts its bacteriostatic effect by the inhibition of protein synthesis. Indications And Clinical Uses: For the treatment of: Pneumonia: single and multilobe pneumonia and bronchopneumonia due to susceptible strains of S. pneumoniae (formerly D. pneumoniae) and other Streptococci, Staphylococcus, H. influenzae and…

VERMOX® Janssen-Ortho Mebendazole Anthelmintic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Mebendazole induces in vitro and in vivo inhibition of the glucose uptake by parasitic helminths; this is associated with glycogen depletion and a decrease in the generation of ATP, leading to inhibition of larval development. Mebendazole is poorly absorbed after oral administration. At the normal anthelmintic dosage, the bioavailability is poor due to a combination of high first-pass metabolism and the very…