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VOLTAREN RAPIDE® Novartis Pharmaceuticals Diclofenac Potassium Anti-inflammatory – Analgesic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Diclofenac potassium, the active substance of Voltaren Rapide is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with analgesic and antipyretic properties. Diclofenac inhibits prostaglandin synthesis by interfering with the action of prostaglandin synthetase. This inhibitory effect may partially explain its actions. It is considered to be a peripherally acting analgesic. Diclofenac potassium tablets have a rapid onset of action,…

VIVELLE® Novartis Pharmaceuticals Estradiol-17b Estrogen Description: Vivelle is a thin, circular, multilayer, transparent transdermal therapeutic system, i.e., an adhesive patch, containing estradiol-17b that is designed for application to an area of intact skin. The Vivelle patch comprises 3 layers. Proceeding from the visible surface toward the surface attached to the skin, these layers are: 1. A flexible semi-transparent backing film of polyurethane and ethylene vinyl alcohol polymer. 2. An adhesive…

VIVONEX® PLUS Novartis Nutrition High Nitrogen Elemental Diet Indications And Clinical Uses: A high nitrogen, elemental (100% free amino acids) diet for patients with impaired digestion and absorption. Contains enhanced glutamine, arginine and branched chain amino acid content, especially useful in stressed catabolic patients. Suggested indications include: inflammatory bowel disease, intestinal atresia, pancreatitis, fistula, partial obstruction, short-gut syndrome. Malnutrition and cachexia. Bowel preparation prior to diagnostic and surgical procedures. Transition…

VIVONEX® T.E.N. Novartis Nutrition Elemental Diet Indications And Clinical Uses: A high nitrogen, elemental (100% free amino acids) diet enriched with glutamine for patients with impaired digestion or absorption. Suggested indications include: inflammatory bowel disease, intestinal atresia, pancreatitis, fistula, partial obstruction, short-gut syndrome. Malnutrition and cachexia. Bowel preparation prior to diagnostic and surgical procedures. Transition diet between parenteral and normal oral feeding. Food sensitivities. Precautions: Do not administer parenterally. For…

VIVONEX® PEDIATRIC Novartis Nutrition Pediatric Elemental Diet Indications And Clinical Uses: Use in the dietary management of children with clinical conditions of short bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, malabsorption syndrome, cow’s milk protein enteropathy/sensitivity, select multiple trauma/major surgery, Crohn’s disease, gastrointestinal fistula, select pre/post surgery, intractable diarrhea and gastrointestinal disorder related to HIV/AIDS. Precautions: Do not administer parenterally. For use only under medical supervision. Nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, distention and…

VISKEN® Novartis Pharmaceuticals Pindolol Antihypertensive – Antianginal Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Pindolol is a beta-adrenergic-receptor-blocking agent which possesses partial agonist activity (intrinsic sympathomimetic activity – I.S.A.). Hypertension: The mechanism of the antihypertensive effect of pindolol has not been established. Among the factors that may be involved are: competitive ability to antagonize catecholamine-induced tachycardia at the beta-receptor sites in the heart, thus decreasing cardiac output; a reduction in total peripheral resistance;…

VIROPTIC® Glaxo Wellcome Trifluridine Topical Antiviral Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Trifluridine is phosphorylated by a cellular thymidine kinase to its nucleotide monophosphate. Trifluridine monophosphate is an inhibitor of thymidylate synthetase, the target enzyme for the action of monofluorinated pyrimidines. Trifluridine has been demonstrated to combine slowly and irreversibly with thymidylate synthetase in a reaction that requires ATP. Trifluridine monophosphate is further phosphorylated by cellular enzymes to the triphosphate which is…

VISKAZIDE® Novartis Pharmaceuticals Pindolol – Hydrochlorothiazide Antihypertensive Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Viskazide contains the antihypertensive activity of 2 agents: a beta-adrenergic receptor blocking agent (pindolol) and a diuretic (hydrochlorothiazide). Pindolol is a nonselective beta-adrenergic receptor blocking agent which possesses partial agonist activity (intrinsic sympathomimetic activity-ISA). The mechanism of the antihypertensive effect of beta-adrenergic receptor blocking agents has not been established. Among the factors that may be involved are: (a) competitive…

VISIPAQUE™ Nycomed Imaging A.S. Iodixanol Nonionic Radiographic Contrast Medium Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Immediately following rapid intravascular injection, iodixanol reaches peak plasma concentration and is then rapidly distributed throughout the extracellular fluid compartment. It will opacify those vessels in the path of flow of the contrast medium, permitting radiographic visualization of the vasculature of the internal structures until significant dilution and elimination occurs. The degree of density enhancement is directly…

VIOKASE® Axcan Pharma Pancrelipase Oral Enzyme Therapy Action And Clinical Pharmacology: The natural digestive enzymes in Viokase hydrolyse fats into fatty acids and glycerol, split protein into amino acids, and convert carbohydrates to dextrins and short chain sugars. Under conditions of the USP test method (in vitro), Viokase has the following total digestive capacity The digestive capacity of a pancreatic enzyme concentrate depends on the amount that passes through the…