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SABRIL® Hoechst Marion Roussel Vigabatrin Antiepileptic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Vigabatrin is an irreversible inhibitor of gamma-aminobutyric acid transaminase (GABA-T), the enzyme responsible for the catabolism of the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain. The mechanism of action of vigabatrin is attributed to irreversible enzyme inhibition of GABA-T, and consequent increased levels of the inhibitory neurotransmitter, GABA. Decreased serum levels of ALT and AST have been observed during…

SYNVISC® Biomatrix Hylan G-F 20 Viscosupplementation Description: Synvisc (hylan G-F 20) is a sterile, nonpyrogenic, elastoviscous fluid containing hylans. Hylans are derivatives of hyaluronan (sodium salt of hyaluronic acid) and consist of repeating disaccharide units of N-acetylglucosamine and sodium glucuronate. Synvisc contains hylan fluid and hylan gel slurry (8 mg±2 mg/mL) in buffered physiological sodium chloride solution (pH 7.2±0.3). Synvisc is biologically similar to hyaluronan. Hyaluronan is a component of…

RUBRAMIN® Squibb Vitamin B12 Hematopoietic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Vitamin B is essential for growth, cell reproduction, hematopoiesis, nucleoprotein and myelin synthesis. Within 48 hours after injection of 100 to 1 000 µg of vitamin B12, 50 to 98% of the injected dose may appear in the urine. The major portion is excreted within the first 8 hours. Indications And Clinical Uses: For vitamin B12 deficiency occurring in: pernicious anemia…

ROCALTROL® Roche Calcitriol Vitamin D3 Metabolite Action And Clinical Pharmacology: The supply of vitamin D in man depends on dietary intake and/or exposure to the ultraviolet rays of the sun for conversion of 7-dehydrocholesterol to vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol). Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) must be metabolized in the liver and the kidneys before it is fully active on its target tissues. The initial transformation is catalyzed by a vitamin D3-25-hydroxylase enzyme (25-OH-ase)…

RIFAMPIN General Monograph, Antibiotic Pharmacology: Rifampin is a semisynthetic derivative of rifamycin B, an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces mediterranei. Rifampin is active against microorganisms of the genus Mycobacterium, including M. tuberculosis, M. kansasii, M. marinum, M. avium-intracellulare (M. avium complex) and M. leprae. Rifampin is also active against some gram-negative bacteria including N. meningitidis and H. influenzae type b, in addition to some gram-positive bacteria including S. aureus and S. epidermidis….

RIDAURA® Pharmascience Auranofin Antirheumatic Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Auranofin is a gold preparation and therefore has the potential for serious gold toxicity. The mechanism by which auranofin exerts its therapeutic effect has not been established. In patients with adult rheumatoid arthritis or psoriatic arthritis, auranofin may modify disease activity as manifested by synovitis and associated symptoms, and reflected by laboratory parameters such as elevated ESR. There is no substantial…

RIFADIN® Hoechst Marion Roussel Rifampin Antituberculous Antibiotic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Rifampin inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity in susceptible cells. Specifically, it interacts with bacterial RNA polymerase. This is the probable mechanism of action by which rifampin exerts its therapeutic effect. Pharmacokinetics: Absorption is more rapid when rifampin is administered 1 hour before meals. Peak blood levels in normal adults vary widely from individual to individual. Peak levels occur between…

QUINTASA® Ferring 5-Aminosalicylic Acid Lower Gastrointestinal Anti-inflammatory Action And Clinical Pharmacology: 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) has been recognized as the therapeutically active moiety of sulfasalazine, a drug used to treat inflammatory bowel disease. 5-ASA has in vitro and in vivo pharmacologic effects that decrease leukotriene production, scavenge for free radicals and inhibit leukocyte chemotaxis. While its exact mode of action is currently unknown, any of these biochemical mechanisms may play a…

RAFTON® Liquid RAFTON® Tablets Ferring Alginic Acid Compound Gastroesophageal Reflux Therapy Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Rafton forms a protective neutralizing foam barrier in the stomach that effectively stops the upward flow of stomach acids into the esophagus providing fast relief of heartburn. Indications And Clinical Uses: For the effective relief of day or night-time heartburn or for discomfort of the esophagus due to upward flow of stomach acids. Precautions: Each…

PRINIVIL® MSD Lisinopril Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Lisinopril is an ACE inhibitor which is used in the treatment of hypertension, congestive heart failure and following myocardial infarction in hemodynamically stable patients. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) is a peptidyl dipeptidase which catalyzes the conversion of angiotensin I to the pressor substance, angiotensin II. Inhibition of ACE results in decreased plasma angiotensin II, which leads to increased plasma…