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VITATHION®-A.T.P. Servier Ascorbic Acid – Thiamine – Inositol Stress Therapy Indications And Clinical Uses: In the treatment of stress conditions (e.g. fatigue, asthenia, postpartum, postsurgical convalescence); for conditions in which supplements of ascorbic acid, glutathione, adenosine and thiamine are indicated. Precautions: Do not use the contents of a sachet more than 8 days after the sachet has been opened. Dosage: Adults: 1 to 2 sachets daily dissolved in 120 mL…

VITAMIN A ACID Dermik Laboratories Canada Tretinoin Acne Therapy Action And Clinical Pharmacology: The interest in oral vitamin A in the treatment of acne started some 30 years ago following publication of a report by Straumfjord and theoretical support for the use of the vitamin in the reduction of hyperkeratosis came from basic science investigations. Hunter and Pinkus showed a reduction in the number of keratinocytes in the human stratum…

VITAMIN A General Monograph, Vitamin Pharmacology: The term vitamin A is applied to a number of substances with very similar structure and similar activity. The principal and most active substance is all-trans retinol (vitamin A alcohol). Vitamin A activity is assayed biologically and 1 IU equals 1 USP unit which is equal to 0.3 µg of all-trans retinol or 0.6 g of beta-carotene. One retinol equivalent (RE) is the specific…

VITAMIN B1 General Monograph Thiamine Vitamin Pharmacology: Vitamin B1 is a water soluble B complex vitamin. In vivo, vitamin B1 combines with adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to form thiamine pyrophosphate, also known as cocarboxylase, a coenzyme. Its role in carbohydrate metabolism is the decarboxylation of pyruvic acid and alpha-ketoacids to acetaldehyde and carbon dioxide. Increased levels of pyruvic acid in the blood indicate vitamin B1 deficiency. Vitamin B1 depletion can occur…

VITAMIN B2 General Monograph Riboflavin Vitamin Pharmacology: Vitamin B2 is a water-soluble, B complex vitamin. It is required for tissue respiration and is also indirectly involved in maintaining erythrocyte integrity. Vitamin B2 deficiency often accompanies pellagra and other B vitamin deficiency states and is also associated with conditions causing negative protein balance, such as chronic diarrhea, malabsorption syndrome, diabetes mellitus and chronic debilitating diseases. Deficiency is manifested by angular stomatitis,…

VIOFORM® Novartis Pharmaceuticals Clioquinol Antibacterial – Antifungal Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Clioquinol is active against a broad spectrum of pathogenic microorganisms, including fungi (e.g., Candida, Microsporum, Trichophyton) and gram-positive bacteria (e.g., Staphylococci). Clioquinol has only a slight inhibitory effect on gram-negative bacteria. Clioquinol exerts a bacteriostatic, rather than a bactericidal action. The antibacterial and antifungal properties of clioquinol have long been clinically established. Topically, clioquinol has demonstrated effectiveness in secondary…

VIASPAN™ DuPont Pharma Cold Storage Solution Indications And Clinical Uses: For the flushing and cold storage of organs including kidney, liver and pancreas at the time of their removal from the donor in preparation for storage, transportation and eventual transplantation into a recipient. After precooling the solution to approximately 2 to 6°C in ice, the cold solution is used to flush the isolated organ immediately before removal from the donor…

VAMIN® 18 ELECTROLYTE-FREE Pharmacia & Upjohn Amino Acids Nutritive and Electrolyte Supplements for I.V. Infusion Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Vamin 18 Electrolyte-Free acts as a source for protein synthesis in patients with insufficient enteral supply of precursors for protein synthesis. The solution contains all 18 essential and nonessential amino acids. The balance between the amino acids is such that positive nitrogen balance can be achieved in the postoperative period. When…

URSOFALK® Axcan Pharma Ursodiol Litholytic Agent – Cholestatic Liver Diseases Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Ursodiol, a naturally occurring bile acid, is present as a minor fraction of the total human bile acids. Oral administration of ursodiol increases this fraction in a dose related manner, to become the major biliary acid. Since in patients with gallstones, the total bile acid pool size is generally reduced, the exogenous supply of ursodiol helps…

TRI-VI-FLOR® Mead Johnson Nutritionals Vitamin A–Vitamin D 3–Vitamin C–Potassium Fluoride Dietary Supplement Action And Clinical Uses: Dietary supplement of vitamins A, D, C, and fluoride for the maintenance of good health for children 3 years to under 6 years of age. Precautions: If used in an area where drinking water contains more then 0.7 ppm fluoride ion or is artificially fluoridated, mottling of tooth enamel may result. Parents should be…