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ZYLOPRIM® Glaxo Wellcome Allopurinol Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Allopurinol is a structural analogue of hypoxanthine. Reduction in both the serum and urinary uric acid levels is brought about by allopurinol inhibiting the action of xanthine oxidase, the enzyme responsible for the conversion of hypoxanthine to xanthine and xanthine to uric acid. Allopurinol is metabolized to the corresponding xanthine analogue, oxypurinol, which is also an inhibitor of xanthine…

ZOSTRIX® H.P. Medicis Capsaicin Neuralgia Therapy Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Current evidence suggests that capsaicin works by its action on a pain transmitting compound called substance P. Capsaicin causes substance P to leave the nerve endings. With a lower amount of substance P in the nerve endings, pain impulses cannot be transmitted to the brain. Indications: For the relief of neuralgias (pain from nerves near the surface of the skin)…

ZOSTRIX® Medicis Capsaicin Neuralgia Therapy Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Although the precise mechanism of action of capsaicin is not fully understood, current evidence suggests that capsaicin renders skin insensitive to pain by depleting and preventing reaccumulation of substance P in peripheral sensory neurons. Substance P is thought to be the principal chemomediator of pain impulses from the periphery to the CNS. Indications: For the temporary relief of the pain (neuralgia)…

ZOCOR® Frosst Simvastatin Lipid Metabolism Regulator Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Simvastatin is a cholesterol-lowering agent derived synthetically from a fermentation product of A. terreus. After oral ingestion, simvastatin, which is an inactive lactone, is hydrolyzed to the corresponding b-hydroxyacid form. This principal metabolite is a specific inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase. This enzyme catalyzes the conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate, which is an early and rate-limiting step in the…

XANAX® XANAX TS Pharmacia & Upjohn Alprazolam Anxiolytic – Antipanic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Alprazolam, a triazolo 1,4 benzodiazepine analog, binds with high affinity to the GABA benzodiazepine receptor complex. Considerable evidence suggest that the central pharmacologic/therapeutic actions of alprazolam are mediated via interaction with this receptor complex. Pharmacokinetics: Orally administered alprazolam is readily absorbed in man. Plasma levels are proportional to the dose given; over the dose range of…

WinRho SDF™ Cangene Rho (D) Immune Globulin (Human) Passive Immunizing Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Rho (D) Immune Globulin (Human) is a sterile freeze-dried gamma globulin (IgG) fraction of human plasma containing antibodies to Rho (D), prepared by an anion-exchange column chromatography method. The incorporation of the Solvent Detergent step, which includes treatment with Tri-n-butyl phosphate and Triton X-100, in the WinRho SDF process is designed to increase the safety…

XALATAN™ Pharmacia & Upjohn Latanoprost Prostaglandin F2  Analogue Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Latanoprost, a novel prostaglandin F2  analogue, is a selective prostanoid FP receptor agonist which reduces the intraocular pressure by increasing the outflow of aqueous humor. Studies in animals and man indicate that the main mechanism of action is increased uveoscleral outflow. Primary open-angle glaucoma is a disease with characteristic optic nerve damage and a corresponding visual field defect….

VITAMIN D General Monograph Vitamin Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin and has properties of both vitamins and minerals. The term vitamin D collectively refers to a group of structurally similar chemicals and their metabolites which includes alfacalcidol (1hydroxycholecalciferol), calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol), cholecalciferol (vitamin D3), dihydrotachysterol (DHT) and ergocalciferol (vitamin D2). These agents have antirachitic properties. The biologic activity of 40 IU vitamin D equals that of…

VITAMIN B6 General Monograph Pyridoxine Vitamin Pharmacology: Vitamin B6 is a water soluble B complex vitamin which is present in many foods as pyridoxine, pyridoxal and pyridoxamine. These forms of vitamin B6 are converted in vivo to pyridoxal phosphate and pyridoxamine phosphate, which are essential coenzymes in the metabolism of certain amino acids such as tryptophan, in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, and in the synthesis of heme and GABA, an…

VITAMIN K General Monograph, Phytonadione Hypoprothrombinemia Therapy Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Vitamin K compounds are fat soluble naphthoquinones. Phytonadione (vitamin K1) and vitamin K2 occur in a variety of natural materials and are synthesized by certain bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract; however, commercially prepared phytonadione is synthetically produced. Phytonadione possesses essentially the same type and degree of activity as naturally occurring vitamin K1. Vitamin K is necessary for synthesis in…