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CELESTONE® Schering Betamethasone Glucocorticoid Indications And Clinical Uses: Betamethasone is used orally in the management of disorders responsive to adrenocortical hormone therapy such as: Endocrine Disorders: primary or secondary adrenocortical insufficiency (hydrocortisone or cortisone is the first choice; synthetic analogs may be used in conjunction with mineralocorticoids where applicable; in infancy, mineralocorticoid supplementation is of particular importance); congenital adrenal hyperplasia; nonsuppurative thyroiditis; hypercalcemia associated with cancer. Musculoskeletal Disorders: as adjunctive…

CEFAZOLIN SODIUM USP Novopharm Antibiotic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Cefazolin is a cephalosporin antibiotic for parenteral administration. Cefazolin exerts its bactericidal effect by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis. Cefazolin is about 85% bound to serum protein. The peak level in serum is approximately 32 to 42 mg/mL after an i.m. injection of 500 mg. Over 80% of injected cefazolin is excreted in the urine during the first 24 hours after…

CeeNU® Bristol Lomustine Antineoplastic Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: It is generally agreed that lomustine acts as an alkylating agent but, as with other nitrosoureas, it may also inhibit several key enzymatic processes. Lomustine may be given orally. Following oral administration of radioactive lomustine at doses ranging from 30 mg/mto 100 mg/m about half of the radioactivity given was excreted within 24 hours. The serum half-life of the drug and/or…

CEFIZOX® SmithKline Beecham Ceftizoxime Sodium Antibiotic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: In vitro studies indicate that the bactericidal action of ceftizoxime results from inhibition of cell-wall synthesis in aerobic and anaerobic gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. In vitro, ceftizoxime shows a strong affinity for penicillin-binding proteins 1a, 1bs and 3 of E. coli. Indications And Clinical Uses: In the treatment of the infections listed below when caused by susceptible strains of the…

CEFOTAN® Wyeth-Ayerst Cefotetan Disodium Antibiotic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Cefotetan disodium is a semisynthetic, beta-lactamase resistant, cephalosporin (cephamycin) antibiotic. In vitro studies indicate that the bactericidal action of cefotetan results from an interference of bacterial cell wall synthesis by inhibiting the cross-linking of peptidoglycan. Studies with 4-labeled cefotetan have shown that on reaching the target penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) in the inner membrane, the radiolabeled antibiotic binds principally to PBP 3…

CAVERJECT™ Pharmacia & Upjohn Alprostadil Prostaglandin Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Alprostadil is a prostaglandin with various pharmacological actions that include vasodilatation and inhibition of platelet aggregation, inhibition of gastric secretion, stimulation of intestinal smooth muscle and stimulation of uterine smooth muscle. Alprostadil, when given to impotent men by intracavernous injection, induces erections within 5 to 20 minutes after administration. The duration of erection is dose-dependent. The mechanism of penile erection…

CECLOR® Lilly Cefaclor Antibiotic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Like other b-lactam antibiotics, cefaclor owes its antibacterial activity to its ability to bind to and inhibit the action of certain bacterial cell wall synthetic enzymes, the penicillin-binding proteins. Cefaclor is well absorbed after oral administration to fed and fasted subjects. Following doses of 250 mg, 500 mg and 1 g to fasted subjects, average peak serum levels of approximately 7, 13…

CEDOCARD® SR Pharmascience Isosorbide Dinitrate Antianginal Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: The principal action of isosorbide dinitrate is that of all nitrates, the relaxation of vascular smooth muscle. The efficacy of nitrates in alleviating pain in angina pectoris is probably due primarily to reduction in myocardial oxygen demand rather than an increase in myocardial oxygen supply. This effect is thought to be brought about predominantly by a peripheral action. Although…

CARDURA-1™ CARDURA-2™ CARDURA-4™ Astra Doxazosin Mesylate Antihypertensive Agent – Symptomatic Treatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) Action And Clinical Pharmacology: The mechanism of action of doxazosin is selective blockade of alpha1 subtype of post-synaptic, post-junctional alpha-adrenergic receptors. Pharmacodynamics: Hypertension: Administration of doxazosin results in a reduction in systemic vascular resistance. In patients with hypertension there is little change in cardiac output. Maximum reductions in blood pressure usually occur 2 to…

CARNITOR® Sigma-Tau Levocarnitine Carnitine Replenisher Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Levocarnitine is a naturally occurring substance required in mammalian energy metabolism. It has been shown to facilitate long-chain fatty acid entry into cellular mitochondria, therefore delivering substrate for oxidation and subsequent energy production. Fatty acids are utilized as an energy substrate in all tissues except the brain. In skeletal and cardiac muscle they serve as major fuel. Primary systemic carnitine deficiency…