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CODEINE CONTIN® Purdue Frederick Codeine Monohydrate – Codeine Sulfate Trihydrate Opioid Analgesic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Codeine is an opioid analgesic which exerts an agonist effect at specific, saturable opioid receptors in the CNS and other tissues. In man, codeine produces a variety of effects including analgesia, constipation from decreased gastrointestinal motility, suppression of the cough reflex, respiratory depression from reduced responsiveness of the respiratory centre to CO2, nausea and…

COGENTIN® MSD Benztropine Mesylate Antiparkinsonian Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Benztropine is a synthetic compound resulting from the combination of the active portions of atropine and diphenhydramine. Benztropine possesses both anticholinergic and antihistaminic effects, although only the former have been established as therapeutically significant in the management of parkinsonism. Benztropine antagonizes the effect of acetylcholine. This decreases the imbalance between the neurotransmitters, acetylcholine and dopamine, which may improve the symptoms…

CLOPIXOL® CLOPIXOL-ACUPHASE® CLOPIXOL® DEPOT Lundbeck Zuclopenthixol Dihydrochloride Zuclopenthixol Acetate Zuclopenthixol Decanoate Antipsychotic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Zuclopenthixol, a thioxanthene derivative, has high affinity for both dopamine D1 receptors and dopamine D2 receptors. Zuclopenthixol also has high affinity for a1-adrenergic and 5-HT2 receptors. It has weaker histamine H1 receptor blocking activity, and even lower affinity for muscarinic cholinergic and a2-adrenergic receptors. Pharmacokinetics: The pharmacokinetics of zuclopenthixol appear to be linear over…

CLOZARIL® Novartis Pharmaceuticals Clozapine Antipsychotic Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Clozapine, a dibenzodiazepine derivative, is an atypical antipsychotic drug because its profile of binding to dopamine receptors and its effects on various dopamine-mediated behaviors differ from those exhibited by conventional antipsychotics. In contrast to conventional antipsychotics, clozapine produces little or no prolactin elevation. Clozapine exerts potent anticholinergic, adrenolytic, antihistaminic and antiserotoninergic activity. Controlled clinical trials indicate that clozapine improves both…

CLAVULIN® SmithKline Beecham Amoxicillin – Clavulanate Potassium Antibiotic – b-Lactamase Inhibitor Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Amoxicillin exerts a bactericidal action against sensitive organisms during the stage of active multiplication through the inhibition of the biosynthesis of bacterial cell wall mucopeptides. Clavulanic acid inhibits specific b-lactamases of some microorganisms and allows amoxicillin to inhibit amoxicillin (ampicillin) resistant organisms which produce clavulanic acid sensitive b-lactamases. Indications And Clinical Uses: For the treatment…

CLIMACTERON® Sabex Testosterone – Estradiol Estrogen Androgen Therapy Indications And Clinical Uses: As replacement therapy for the control of menopausal symptoms and for estrogen deficiency-induced osteoporosis where estrogen deficiency is naturally or surgically induced. It should be used only in patients available for reevaluation at periodic intervals. Each reevaluation should determine the need for continued therapy and, if continuing therapy is required, whether a downward readjustment of dosage can be…

CLIMARA® Berlex Canada Estradiol-17b Estrogen Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Climara is composed of a translucent polyethylene film with an acrylate adhesive matrix containing estradiol-17b. Upon application to intact skin, Climara provides continuous systemic delivery of estrogen by releasing estradiol-17b, the major estrogenic hormone secreted by the human ovary. Estradiol-17b is the predominant estrogen produced by the ovaries in premenopausal women. Administration of transdermal estradiol to postmenopausal women elevates plasma estradiol…

CLOMID® Hoechst Marion Roussel Clomiphene Citrate Ovulatory Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Clomiphene is an orally-administered, nonsteroidal agent which may induce ovulation in anovulatory women in appropriately selected cases. The ovulatory response to cyclic clomiphene therapy appears to be mediated through increased output of pituitary gonadotropins, which in turn stimulate the maturation and endocrine activity of the ovarian follicle and the subsequent development and function of the corpus luteum. The…

CITROTEIN® Novartis Nutrition Therapeutic Nutrient Indications And Clinical Uses: For patients requiring oral supplementation. It is lactose-free, low residue and is appropriate for fortification of the clear liquid diet. Precautions: Not recommended for parenteral administration. Dosage: 6 servings [1 520 mL or 4 264 kJ (1 018 kcal)] provides at least 100% of the Canadian RNI (adult males, 25 to 49) for protein and essential vitamins and minerals. Availability And…

CLAFORAN® Hoechst Marion Roussel Cefotaxime Sodium Antibiotic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Animal studies demonstrate that cefotaxime has no significant effect on the CNS, cardiovascular and respiratory systems, kidneys, blood clotting mechanisms and blood glucose levels. There is a dose-dependent increase in serum levels after i.v. administration of 500 mg, 1 and 2 g of cefotaxime (38.9, 101.7 and 214.4 g/mL respectively), without alteration in the elimination half-life. The biological half-life…