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DEPAKENE® Abbott Valproic Acid Anticonvulsant Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Although valproic acid’s mechanism of action has not yet been established, the drug’s anticonvulsant activity may be related to increased brain concentrations of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). The effect on the neuronal membrane is unknown. Valproic acid is rapidly absorbed after oral administration. Peak serum levels occur approximately 1 to 4 hours after a single oral dose. The serum half-life of valproic…

DECLOMYCIN® Wyeth-Ayerst Demeclocycline HCl Antibiotic Indications And Clinical Uses: Many strains of bacteria have been shown to be resistant to the tetracyclines. These include certain strains of streptococci, staphylococci, pneumococci, gonococci, and many other gram-negative organisms. Therefore, culture and sensitivity testing are advised to determine the susceptibility of the infecting organisms to tetracyclines. Chemotherapy should not be initiated until all the necessary bacteriological investigations have been started. Microorganisms that have…

DECA-DURABOLIN® Organon Nandrolone Decanoate Androgenic – Anabolic Steroid Indications And Clinical Uses: As adjunctive therapy in senile and postmenopausal osteoporosis. Anabolic steroids are without value as primary therapy but may be of value in adjunctive therapy. Equal or greater consideration should be given to diet, calcium balance, physiotherapy and good general health promoting measures, in pituitary dwarfism anabolic agents may be used with care until growth hormone is more available….

DDAVP® Tablets Ferring Desmopressin Acetate Antidiuretic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Desmopressin is a synthetic structural analogue of the antidiuretic hormone, arginine vasopressin, which alters the permeability of the renal tubule to increase resorption of water. The increase in the permeability of both the distal tubules and collecting ducts appears to be mediated by a stimulation of the adenylcyclase activity in the renal tubules. Although the bioavailability of orally ingested desmopressin…

DDAVP® Spray and Rhinyle Nasal Solutions Ferring Desmopressin Acetate Antidiuretic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Desmopressin is a synthetic structural analogue of the antidiuretic hormone, arginine vasopressin, which alters the permeability of the renal tubule to increase resorption of water. The increase in the permeability of both the distal tubules and collecting ducts appears to be mediated by a stimulation of the adenylcyclase activity in the renal tubules. Approximately 10 to…

DECADRON® Tablets MSD Dexamethasone Corticosteroid Indications And Clinical Uses: Allergic States: Control of severe or incapacitating allergic conditions not responsive to adequate trials of conventional treatment: seasonal or perennial allergic rhinitis, bronchial asthma, contact dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, serum sickness, drug hypersensitivity reactions. Rheumatic Disorders: as adjunctive therapy for short-term administration during an acute episode or exacerbation of: psoriatic arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis including juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (selected cases may require low-dose…

DECADRON® Phosphate Injection MSD Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate Corticosteroid Indications And Clinical Uses: By i.v. or i.m. injection when oral therapy is not feasible: Adrenocortical Insufficiency: Dexamethasone sodium phosphate injection has predominantly glucocorticoid activity with low mineralocorticoid activity. Therefore, it does not offer complete replacement therapy, and its use must be supplemented with salt and/or desoxycorticosterone. When so supplemented, dexamethasone sodium phosphate injection is indicated in the impairment of all adrenocortical…

DAUNOXOME® NeXstar Liposomal Daunorubicin Antineoplastic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: DaunoXome is a liposomal preparation of daunorubicin formulated to selectively target daunorubicin to solid tumors in situ. While in the circulation, this formulation protects the entrapped daunorubicin from chemical and enzymatic degradation, minimizes protein binding, and generally decreases uptake by normal tissues, as well as by the non-reticuloendothelial system. The specific mechanism by which DaunoXome is able to deliver daunorubicin to…

DDAVP® INJECTION Ferring Desmopressin Acetate Antidiuretic Hormone Analogue Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Desmopressin is a synthetic structural analogue of the natural human hormone, arginine vasopressin. As such, it exerts its action on the reabsorption of water in the renal tubule. It also causes a transient increase in all components of the Factor VIII complex and plasminogen activator. These are released very rapidly from their endothelial cell storage sites. Moreover, it…

DALMANE® Roche Flurazepam HCl Hypnotic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Flurazepam, a benzodiazepine derivative, is a hypnotic agent which does not appear to decrease dream time as measured by rapid eye movements (REM). Flurazepam decreases sleep latency and number of awakenings for a consequent increase in total sleep time. The duration of hypnotic effect and the profile of unwanted effects may be influenced by the alpha (distribution) and beta (elimination) half-lives…