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DANTRIUM® CAPSULES Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals Dantrolene Sodium Skeletal Muscle Relaxant Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Recordings of muscle tensions and electrical activity in both animal and man suggest that dantrolene has a direct inhibitory effect on the development of contractile tension. Spastic patients receiving dantrolene have shown a 40 to 70% reduction in the skeletal muscle tension induced by direct electrical stimulation of the motor nerve with no alteration of…

DALACIN® C Pharmacia & Upjohn Clindamycin HCl Antibiotic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Clindamycin exerts its antibacterial effect by causing cessation of protein synthesis and also causing a reduction in the rate of synthesis of nucleic acids. In vitro studies indicate that clindamycin has antibacterial activity against sensitive gram-positive organisms. The spectrum of activity includes staphylococci (including penicillinase-producing and methicillin resistant strains), hemolytic streptococci, S. viridans and S. pneumoniae. In addition,…

DALACIN® C PHOSPHATE STERILE SOLUTION Pharmacia & Upjohn Clindamycin Phosphate Antibiotic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Following parenteral administration, biologically inactive clindamycin phosphate is rapidly hydrolyzed in plasma to active clindamycin. Clindamycin exerts its antibacterial effect by binding to the 50 S ribosomal subunit of susceptible bacteria, causing a reduction in the rate of synthesis of nucleic acid, and cessation of protein synthesis. Clindamycin is primarily bacteriostatic, but may be bactericidal…

DALACIN® T TOPICAL SOLUTION Pharmacia & Upjohn Clindamycin Phosphate Antibiotic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Clindamycin phosphate is inactive in vitro but in vivo hydrolysis converts this compound to the antibacterially active clindamycin. Clindamycin has been shown to have in vitro activity against isolates of P. acnes which may account for its usefulness in acne. Clindamycin activity has been demonstrated in serum, urine and in comedonal extracts from acne patients. The…

DALACIN® VAGINAL CREAM Pharmacia & Upjohn Clindamycin Phosphate Antibacterial Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Although clindamycin phosphate is inactive in vitro, in vivo hydrolysis converts this compound to the antibacterially-active clindamycin. Clindamycin inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by its action at the bacterial ribosome. The antibiotic preferentially binds to the 50S ribosomal subunit, and affects the process of peptide chain initiation. Clindamycin may inhibit the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA or inhibit the translocation…

DUVOID® Roberts Bethanechol Chloride Parasympathomimetic Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Bethanechol acts principally by producing the effects of stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system. It increases the tone of the detrusor urinae muscle, usually producing a contraction sufficiently strong to initiate micturition and empty the bladder. It stimulates gastric motility, increases gastric tone, and often restores rhythmic peristalsis. Stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system releases acetylcholine at the nerve endings….

DYAZIDE® SmithKline Beecham Triamterene – Hydrochlorothiazide Diuretic – Antihypertensive Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Dyazide is a combination of 2 diuretics with different but complementary modes of action. Diuretic activity following a single dose is evident within the first hour, reaches a peak at 2 to 3 hours, and tapers off during the subsequent 7 to 9 hours. Because of the potassium-conserving effect of its triamterene component, Dyazide reduces the risk…

DURAGESIC® Janssen-Ortho Fentanyl Opioid Analgesic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Fentanyl is an opioid analgesic which interacts predominantly with the opioid receptor. Fentanyl produces analgesia, sedation, respiratory depression, constipation, and physical dependence but appears to have less emetic activity than other opioid analgesics. Fentanyl may produce muscle rigidity, miosis, cough reflex suppression, alterations in mood, bradycardia and broncho-constriction. Analgesic blood levels of fentanyl may cause nausea and vomiting directly by stimulating…

DURALITH® Janssen-Ortho Lithium Carbonate Antimanic Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Although lithium is useful for its antimanic effect and in preventing relapses in patients with a clearcut diagnosis of bipolar affective disorder, it has very little, if any, direct effect on moods, normal or abnormal. Lithium alters sodium transport in nerve and muscle cells, effects a shift toward intraneuronal metabolism of catecholamines and has an inhibitory action on the intracellular…

DURICEF™ Bristol Cefadroxil Antibiotic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Cefadroxil is a cephalosporin with bactericidal activity. In vitro studies have shown that the antibacterial activity of the cephalosporins results from their ability to inhibit mucopeptide synthesis in the bacterial cell wall. Pharmacokinetics: Cefadroxil is well absorbed following oral administration with 93% of a 500 mg dose being recovered unchanged in the urine after 24 hours. Absorption of cefadroxil from the gastrointestinal…