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POLOCAINE® 3% POLOCAINE® 2% with LEVONORDEFRIN 1:20 000 Astra Mepivacaine HCl Mepivacaine HCl – Levonordefrin Local Anesthetic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Mechanism of Action: Mepivacaine stabilizes the neuronal membrane by inhibiting the ionic fluxes required for the initiation and conduction of impulses, thereby effecting local anesthetic action. Local anesthetics of the amide type are thought to act within sodium channels of the nerve membrane. Onset of Action: Mepivacaine has a…

POLYCITRA-K® Alza Potassium Citrate Potassium Supplement Indications And Clinical Uses: Pleasant tasting, sugar-free, oral potassium citrate supplement. In the treatment or prevention of hypokalemia, treatment of digitalis intoxication, and for the treatment of potassium replacement and electrolyte recharge. Contra-Indications: Ventricular fibrillation, hyperkalemia of various etiologies, in association with Addison’s disease, suprarenal hyperplasia associated with a loss of salt, extensive tissue deterioration such as severe burns, acute dehydration and heat cramps….

PNU-IMUNE® 23 Wyeth-Ayerst Pneumococcal Vaccine Polyvalent Active Immunizing Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Disease caused by S. pneumonia remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality particularly in the very young, the elderly and persons with certain high-risk conditions. The overall incidence of pneumococcal infections in Canada is not known. In 1992, 132 cases of pneumococcal meningitis were reported in Canada. In England, 34% of pneumonias in adults have been…

PNEUMOVAX® 23 MSD Pneumococcal Vaccine, Polyvalent Pneumococcal Infection Immunization Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Pneumococcal infection is a leading cause of death throughout the world and a major cause of pneumonia, meningitis and otitis media. The emergence of strains of pneumococci with increased resistance to one or more of the common antibiotics and recent isolations of pneumococci with multiple antibiotic resistance emphasize the importance of vaccine prophylaxis against pneumococcal disease. Based…

POLARAMINE® Schering Dexchlorpheniramine Maleate Antihistamine Indications And Clinical Uses: For symptomatic relief of allergic conditions such as hay fever, urticaria, angioedema, vasomotor rhinitis, allergic eczema, contact dermatitis, pruritus ani and vulvae, and pruritus of nonspecific origin, as well as in certain cases of migraine headache. Precautions: Occupational Hazards: Patients should be cautioned not to operate vehicles or hazardous machinery until their response to the drug has been determined. Since the…

PLAVIX™ Sanofi/Bristol-Myers Squibb Clopidogrel Bisulfate Platelet Aggregation Inhibitor Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Mechanism of Action: The role of platelets in the pathophysiology of atherosclerotic disease and thrombotic events has been established. Long-term prophylactic use of antiplatelet drugs has shown consistent benefit in the prevention of ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction and vascular death in patients at increased risk of such outcomes, including those with established atherosclerosis or a history of atherothrombosis….

PLATINOL®-AQ Bristol Cisplatin Antineoplastic Caution: Cisplatin is a potent drug and should be used only by physicians experienced with cancer chemotherapeutic drugs (see Warnings and Precautions). Blood counts as well as renal and hepatic function tests should be taken regularly. Discontinue the drug if abnormal depression of bone marrow or abnormal renal or hepatic function is seen. Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Cisplatin has biochemical properties similar to those of bifunctional…

PNEUMOCOCCAL POLYSACCHARIDE VACCINE PNEUMO 23™ Connaught Active Immunizing Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine, Pneumo 23 is a capsular polysaccharide vaccine against disease caused by 23 of the most common types of S. pneumoniae (pneumococcus). Approximately 90% of cases of pneumococcal bacteremia and meningitis are caused by these 23 types. Although the overall incidence of pneumococcal infections in Canada is not known, invasive disease is most common in…

PHYLLOCONTIN® PHYLLOCONTIN®-350 Purdue Frederick Aminophylline Bronchodilator Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Aminophylline is the ethylenediamine salt of theophylline. The pharmacodynamics of Phyllocontin and Phyllocontin-350 tablets are a function of theophylline blood levels. Theophylline is a xanthine structurally related to theobromine and caffeine. As with other xanthine derivatives, the precise mechanism of action of theophylline has not been determined. Theophylline stimulates the CNS and skeletal muscles, stimulates cardiac muscle, relaxes certain smooth…

PIPRACIL® Wyeth-Ayerst Piperacillin Sodium Antibiotic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Piperacillin is a third-generation, broad-spectrum, semisynthetic penicillin. Piperacillin is bactericidal and exerts its antibacterial action by inhibiting both septum and cell wall synthesis in the bacterial cell. The bactericidal action of b-lactam antibiotics is related to their ability to reach and bind target proteins, the penicillin sensitive enzymes within the cytoplasmic membranes of the bacteria. These enzymes are involved in reactions…