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NEORAL® SANDIMMUNE® I.V. Novartis Cyclosporine Immunosuppressant Caution: Transplantation: Only physicians experienced in immunosuppressive therapy and management of organ transplant patients should prescribe Neoral and Sandimmune I.V. Patients receiving the drug should be managed in centres staffed with professionals experienced in transplantation and the use of immunosuppressants and equipped with adequate laboratory facilities to monitor cyclosporine levels. The ability to measure cyclosporine blood levels facilitates the management of the patient. The…

NASACORT™ Rhône-Poulenc Rorer Triamcinolone Acetonide Corticosteroid Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Triamcinolone is a potent anti-inflammatory steroid with strong topical and weak systemic activity. When administered intranasally in therapeutic doses, it has a direct anti-inflammatory action on the nasal mucosa, the mechanism of which is not yet completely defined. The minute amount absorbed in therapeutic doses has not been shown to exert any apparent clinical systemic effects. Indications And Clinical Uses:…

NAVELBINE® Glaxo Wellcome Vinorelbine Tartrate Antineoplastic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Vinorelbine is a novel vinca alkaloid which interferes with microtubule assembly. Vinca alkaloids are structurally similar compounds comprising two multiringed units, vindoline and catharanthine. Vinorelbine is a vinca alkaloid in which the catharanthine unit is the site of structural modification. This structural change imparts unique pharmacologic properties which may translate into clinical benefits for patients with various malignancies. The antitumor…

NEBCIN® Lilly Tobramycin Sulfate Antibiotic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Like other aminoglycosides, the bactericidal activity of tobramycin is accomplished by specific inhibition of normal protein synthesis in susceptible bacteria, but at the present time, very little is known about this action. It is thought that inhibition of synthesis is due to an action on ribosomes that, in turn, causes bacterial misreading of messenger RNA. Peak serum concentrations of tobramycin occur…

NARDIL® Parke-Davis Phenelzine Sulfate Antidepressant Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Phenelzine is a potent monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor. Monoamine oxidase is a complex enzyme system, widely distributed throughout the body. Drugs that inhibit monoamine oxidase in the laboratory are associated with a number of clinical effects. Thus, it is unknown whether MAO inhibition per se, other pharmacologic actions, or an interaction of both is responsible for the clinical effects observed. All…

NASACORT® AQ Rhône-Poulenc Rorer Triamcinolone Acetonide Corticosteroid Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Triamcinolone acetonide is a potent anti-inflammatory steroid with strong topical and weak systemic activity. Triamcinolone acetonide is a more potent derivative of triamcinolone. Although triamcinolone itself is approximately 1 to 2 times as potent as prednisone in animal models of inflammation, triamcinolone acetonide is approximately 8 times more potent than prednisone. When administered intranasally in therapeutic doses, it has…

NAROPIN® Astra Ropivacaine HCl Local Anesthetic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Mechanism of Action: Ropivacaine, a local anesthetic of the amino amide class, is supplied as the pure S-(-)-enantiomer. Ropivacaine, like other local anesthetics, causes reversible blockade of impulse propagation along nerve fibres by preventing the inward movement of sodium ions through the cell membrane of the nerve fibres. Ropivacaine has both anesthetic and analgesic effects. At high doses, surgical anesthesia…

NALCROM® Rhône-Poulenc Rorer Sodium Cromoglycate Antiallergic Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Sodium cromoglycate seems to exert a stabilizing effect upon mast cells capable of releasing mediators. In gastrointestinal disease, the release of mediators causes a local inflammation which can either result in gastrointestinal symptoms or may allow absorption of antigenic material leading to systemic allergic reactions. It is most effective when given prior to antigen challenge. Sodium cromoglycate has no…

NALFON® Lilly Fenoprofen Calcium Anti-inflammatory – Analgesic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Fenoprofen has demonstrated anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activities in animal studies. Although fenoprofen’s modes of action are unknown, in vitro tests have shown that it inhibits synthesis and/or release of prostaglandins; stabilizes lysosomes; inhibits platelet aggregation and platelet adhesiveness, and enhances fibrinolytic activity. All of these activities may have a role in the amelioration of inflammation, pain and fever….

MYCIFRADIN® Pharmacia & Upjohn Neomycin Sulfate Antibiotic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Neomycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic, active against many strains of Gram-negative bacteria. Neomycin is poorly absorbed from the normal gastrointestinal tract. The small absorbed fraction is rapidly distributed in the tissues and is excreted by the kidney in keeping with the degree of kidney function. The unabsorbed portion of the drug (approximately 97%) is eliminated unchanged in the feces….