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VOLTAREN RAPIDE® Novartis Pharmaceuticals Diclofenac Potassium Anti-inflammatory – Analgesic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Diclofenac potassium, the active substance of Voltaren Rapide is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with analgesic and antipyretic properties. Diclofenac inhibits prostaglandin synthesis by interfering with the action of prostaglandin synthetase. This inhibitory effect may partially explain its actions. It is considered to be a peripherally acting analgesic. Diclofenac potassium tablets have a rapid onset of action,…

VIVONEX® PLUS Novartis Nutrition High Nitrogen Elemental Diet Indications And Clinical Uses: A high nitrogen, elemental (100% free amino acids) diet for patients with impaired digestion and absorption. Contains enhanced glutamine, arginine and branched chain amino acid content, especially useful in stressed catabolic patients. Suggested indications include: inflammatory bowel disease, intestinal atresia, pancreatitis, fistula, partial obstruction, short-gut syndrome. Malnutrition and cachexia. Bowel preparation prior to diagnostic and surgical procedures. Transition…

VIROPTIC® Glaxo Wellcome Trifluridine Topical Antiviral Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Trifluridine is phosphorylated by a cellular thymidine kinase to its nucleotide monophosphate. Trifluridine monophosphate is an inhibitor of thymidylate synthetase, the target enzyme for the action of monofluorinated pyrimidines. Trifluridine has been demonstrated to combine slowly and irreversibly with thymidylate synthetase in a reaction that requires ATP. Trifluridine monophosphate is further phosphorylated by cellular enzymes to the triphosphate which is…

VISIPAQUE™ Nycomed Imaging A.S. Iodixanol Nonionic Radiographic Contrast Medium Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Immediately following rapid intravascular injection, iodixanol reaches peak plasma concentration and is then rapidly distributed throughout the extracellular fluid compartment. It will opacify those vessels in the path of flow of the contrast medium, permitting radiographic visualization of the vasculature of the internal structures until significant dilution and elimination occurs. The degree of density enhancement is directly…

VIQUIN FORTE® ICN Hydroquinone – Glycolic Acid Depigmentation Agent – Moisturizer Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Hyperpigmentation refers to the brown skin spots caused by an excess of the skin pigment melanin in certain areas. It can be hereditary as are freckles, caused by sun damage, occur with increasing age, or be related to pregnancy or the use of oral contraceptives. Hyperpigmentation usually develops gradually and increases with sun exposure. Skin…

VINCRISTINE SULFATE INJECTION USP Faulding Antineoplastic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: The mode of action of vincristine has not been completely delineated. Evidence is available from in vitro studies that vincristine inhibits spindle formation and is associated with the reversible binding of vincristine to spindle proteins in the S phase. Vincristine has also been found to interfere with RNA synthesis. It has also been shown to stop cell reproduction in metaphase,…

VIOFORM® HYDROCORTISONE Novartis Pharmaceuticals Clioquinol – Hydrocortisone Antibacterial – Antifungal – Topical Corticosteroid Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Clioquinol, the antimicrobial component of Vioform Hydrocortisone, is active against a broad spectrum of pathogenic microorganisms, including fungi (e.g., Candida, Microsporum, Trichophyton) and gram-positive bacteria (e.g., Staphylococci). Clioquinol has only a slight inhibitory effect on gram-negative bacteria. Clioquinol exerts a bacteriostatic, rather than a bactericidal action. Hydrocortisone is a mild glucocorticoid with an…

VIOFORM® Novartis Pharmaceuticals Clioquinol Antibacterial – Antifungal Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Clioquinol is active against a broad spectrum of pathogenic microorganisms, including fungi (e.g., Candida, Microsporum, Trichophyton) and gram-positive bacteria (e.g., Staphylococci). Clioquinol has only a slight inhibitory effect on gram-negative bacteria. Clioquinol exerts a bacteriostatic, rather than a bactericidal action. The antibacterial and antifungal properties of clioquinol have long been clinically established. Topically, clioquinol has demonstrated effectiveness in secondary…

VELBE® Lilly Vinblastine Sulfate Antineoplastic Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Vinblastine has been used for the palliative treatment of a variety of malignant neoplastic conditions. In susceptible clinical cases, vinblastine sulfate has produced temporary reduction in the size or temporary disappearance of some tumors. It has relieved pain and other symptoms and allowed some patients to regain appetite and weight. Periods of remission have varied from patient to patient. Experimental…

VENTOLIN® VENTODISK® VENTODISK® DISKHALER® VENTOLIN® ROTACAPS® VENTOLIN® ROTAHALER® VENTOLIN® RESPIRATOR SOLUTION VENTOLIN® NEBULES P.F. Glaxo Wellcome Salbutamol Bronchodilator – Beta2-adrenergic Stimulant Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Salbutamol produces bronchodilation through stimulation of beta2-adrenergic receptors in bronchial smooth muscle, thereby causing relaxation of bronchial muscle fibres. This action is manifested by an improvement in pulmonary function as demonstrated by spirometric measurements. At therapeutic doses, salbutamol has little action on the beta1-adrenergic receptors…