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ZEMURON™ Organon Rocuronium Bromide Nondepolarizing Skeletal Neuromuscular Blocking Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Rocuronium is a nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent with a rapid to intermediate onset depending on dose and an intermediate duration of action. The drug acts by binding competitively to cholinergic receptors at the motor end-plate to antagonize the action of acetylcholine, an effect which is reversible in the presence of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, such as neostigmine and edrophonium….

ZADITEN® Novartis Ketotifen Fumarate Pediatric Asthma Prophylactic – Antiallergic Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Ketotifen is a nonbronchodilator antiasthmatic drug which inhibits the effects of certain endogenous substances known to be inflammatory mediators, and thereby exerts antiallergic activity. Preclinical studies indicated that ketotifen’s anti-H1 effect seems to be distinct from its antiallergic properties. The effectiveness of ketotifen in the chronic management of mild atopic pediatric asthma has been shown in…

YUTOPAR® Bristol Ritodrine HCl Uterine Relaxing Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Ritodrine is a beta-receptor agonist, which has been shown by in vitro and vivo pharmacologic studies in animals to exert a preferential effect on the adrenergic receptors such as those in the uterine smooth muscle. Stimulation of the receptors inhibits contractility of the uterine smooth muscle. Beta-adrenergic stimulation in other body systems may lead to some cardiovascular or metabolic…

XYLOCAINE® VISCOUS 2% Astra Lidocaine HCl Topical Anesthetic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Mechanism of Action: Lidocaine stabilizes the neuronal membrane by inhibiting the ionic fluxes required for the initiation and conduction of impulses thereby, effecting local anesthetic action. Local anesthetics of the amide type are thought to act within the sodium channels of the nerve membrane. Onset of Action: After application of Xylocaine Viscous, local anesthesia is achieved within 5…

XYLOCAINE® SPINAL 5% Astra Lidocaine HCl – Glucose Local Anesthetic for Spinal Anesthesia Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Mechanism of Action: Lidocaine stabilizes the neuronal membrane by inhibiting the ionic fluxes required for the initiation and conduction of impulses, thereby effecting local anesthetic action. Local anesthetics of the amide type are thought to act within sodium channels of the nerve membrane. Onset of Action: The onset of action is rapid. The…

WELLBUTRIN® SR Glaxo Wellcome Bupropion HCl Antidepressant Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Bupropion is an antidepressant of the aminoketone class. It is chemically unrelated to tricyclic, tetracyclic, selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors or other known antidepressant agents. Its structure closely resembles that of diethylpropion. It is related to the phenylethylamines. The mechanism of bupropion’s antidepressant activity is unknown but appears to be mediated by noradrenergic (and possibly dopaminergic), rather than serotonergic mechanisms….

VOLTAREN® Novartis Pharmaceuticals Diclofenac Sodium Anti-inflammatory – Analgesic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Diclofenac sodium is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with analgesic and antipyretic properties. The mode of action is not fully known but it does not act through the pituitary-adrenal axis. Diclofenac inhibits prostaglandin synthesis by interfering with the action of prostaglandin synthetase. This inhibitory effect may partially explain its actions. From a clinical efficacy standpoint, diclofenac sodium 75…

VUMON® PARENTERAL Bristol Teniposide Antineoplastic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Teniposide is a semi-synthetic derivative of podophyllotoxin. In vitro, teniposide exerts a powerful cytostatic effect by first arresting cells in metaphase. Its main effect, however, is preventing cells from entering mitosis (arrest of G2 phase of cell cycle) within 1 to 2 hours after drug addition. At higher concentrations, a third effect can be observed, disintegration of part of interphase cells…

WARFILONE® Frosst Warfarin Sodium Oral Anticoagulant Indications And Clinical Uses: The prophylaxis and treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, the treatment of atrial fibrillation with embolization, heart valve prosthesis and acute peripheral arterial embolism. Also in the prophylaxis and treatment of pulmonary embolism. In acute myocardial infarction for patients with high risk factors for thromboembolic complications and as an adjunct in the treatment of coronary occlusion. It is also…

VOLTAREN OPHTHA® CIBA Vision Diclofenac Sodium Anti-inflammatory – Analgesic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Diclofenac is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug with analgesic properties. The mode of action is not fully known, but it does not act through the pituitary-adrenal axis, even when given systemically. Diclofenac inhibits prostaglandin synthesis by interfering with the action of prostaglandin synthetase. Prostaglandins play a critical role in many inflammatory processes of the eye and appear to…