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IPECAC SYRUP General Monograph, Emetic Pharmacology: Ipecac induces vomiting by both gastric irritation and central stimulation of the chemoreceptor trigger zone. Approximately 95% of patients vomit within 15 to 30 minutes of administration of a therapeutic dose and vomiting usually persists for 30 minutes to 2 hours. Approximately 28 to 60% of an ingested toxin will be removed by emesis if ipecac is given within 5 minutes following ingestion of…

INVIRASE™ Roche Saquinavir Mesylate HIV Protease Inhibitor – Antiretroviral Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Saquinavir is a selective inhibitor of the viral pol-encoded aspartic protease which cleaves precursor molecules into the structural proteins of the mature virion core and activates reverse transcriptase during the HIV growth cycle. Because of these functions, this protease is essential for the release of infectious virus (as proved by active site mutagenesis). Saquinavir is a…

INTAL® SPINCAPS® INTAL® NEBULIZER SOLUTION Rh´ne-Poulenc Rorer Sodium Cromoglycate Bronchial Asthma Prophylaxis Action And Clinical Pharmacology: In vitro and in vivo animal studies have shown that sodium cromoglycate inhibits sensitized mast cell degranulation which occurs after exposure to specific antigens. Sodium cromoglycate acts by inhibiting the release of mediators from mast cells. Studies show that sodium cromoglycate indirectly blocks calcium ions from entering the mast cell, thereby preventing mediator release….

INTAL® INHALER INTAL® SYNCRONER® Rh´ne-Poulenc Rorer Sodium Cromoglycate Asthma Prophylaxis Action And Clinical Pharmacology: In vitro and in vivo animal studies have shown that sodium cromoglycate inhibits sensitized mast cell degranulation which occurs after exposure to specific antigens. Sodium cromoglycate acts by inhibiting the release of mediators from mast cells. Studies show that sodium cromoglycate indirectly blocks calcium ions from entering the mast cell, thereby preventing mediator release. Sodium cromoglycate…

INTRALIPID® 10% INTRALIPID® 20% INTRALIPID® 30% Pharmacia & Upjohn Fat Emulsions I.V. Nutrition Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Intralipid acts as an energy source in patients for whom the usual i.v. therapy would not be adequate and as a source of essential fatty acids to prevent essential fatty acid deficiency. Providing sufficient amounts of calories to satisfy basal metabolic requirements plus the additional needs imposed by disease and/or surgical stress can…

INFUFER® Sabex Iron Dextran Hematinic – Iron Supplement Action And Clinical Pharmacology: After i.m. injection, iron dextran is absorbed from the injection site into the capillaries and the lymphatic system. Circulating iron dextran is dissociated by the reticuloendothelial system. The ferric iron is transported by transferrin and incorporated into hemoglobin and storage sites. Only traces of unmetabolized iron dextran are excreted in urine, bile or feces. The drug is negligibly…

INNOHEP® Leo Tinzaparin Sodium Anticoagulant – Antithrombotic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Tinzaparin is a low molecular weight (LMW) heparin, produced by enzymatic depolymerization of conventional heparin from porcine mucosa. It possesses antithrombotic activity mediated through antithrombin III. Pharmacokinetics: The pharmacokinetics of tinzaparin after a single s.c. injection have been studied in clinical trials by the measurement of plasma levels of anti-Xa activity, anti-IIa activity and APTT activity Results from clinical…

IMURAN® Glaxo Wellcome Azathioprine Immunosuppressive Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Metabolism: Azathioprine is well absorbed following oral administration. Maximum serum radioactivity occurs at 1 to 2 hours after oral 5-azathioprine and decays with a half-life of 5 hours. This is not an estimate of the half-life of azathioprine itself but is the decay rate for all 5-containing metabolites of the drug. Because of extensive metabolism, only a fraction of the…

IMOGAM® RABIES PASTEURIZED Connaught Rabies Immune Globulin, Pasteurized (Human) Immunotherapeutic Agent – Passive Immunization Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Infection with rabies virus characteristically produces an acute illness with rapidly progressive CNS manifestations, including anxiety, dysphagia, and convulsions, and almost invariably progresses to death. Some patients may present with paralysis. Rabies virus is classified in the Rhabdovirus family. Rabies virus can infect any warm blooded animal. In North America, it occurs…

IMODIUM® Janssen-Ortho/ McNeil Consumer Products Loperamide HCl Antidiarrheal Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Diarrhea may be defined as a failure or imbalance of one or a combination of activities in the gut which include secretion, absorption and motility. Loperamide has been shown to act on all of these functions via cholinergic, noncholinergic, opiate and nonopiate receptor-mediated mechanisms. In this way, loperamide effectively reduces fecal output and frequency, improves stool consistency and…