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PNEUMOCOCCAL POLYSACCHARIDE VACCINE PNEUMO 23™ Connaught Active Immunizing Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine, Pneumo 23 is a capsular polysaccharide vaccine against disease caused by 23 of the most common types of S. pneumoniae (pneumococcus). Approximately 90% of cases of pneumococcal bacteremia and meningitis are caused by these 23 types. Although the overall incidence of pneumococcal infections in Canada is not known, invasive disease is most common in…

PLASBUMIN®-5 Bayer Albumin (Human) Plasma Substitute/Blood Derivative Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Albumin (human) 5% is oncotically equivalent volume for volume to normal human plasma. When administered i.v. to an adequately hydrated subject, the oncotic (colloid osmotic) effect of Albumin (Human) 5% is to expand the circulating blood volume by an amount approximately equal to the volume infused. It is primarily used in the treatment of shock associated with hemorrhage, surgery,…

PLASBUMIN®-25 Bayer Albumin (Human) Plasma Substitute/Blood Derivative Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Each 20 mL vial of albumin (human) 25% supplies the oncotic equivalent of approximately 100 mL citrated plasma; 50 mL supplies the oncotic equivalent of approximately 250 mL citrated plasma. When administered i.v. to an adequately hydrated subject, the oncotic (colloid osmotic) effect of 20 mL albumin (human) 25% is such that it will draw approximately a further 70…

PIPRACIL® Wyeth-Ayerst Piperacillin Sodium Antibiotic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Piperacillin is a third-generation, broad-spectrum, semisynthetic penicillin. Piperacillin is bactericidal and exerts its antibacterial action by inhibiting both septum and cell wall synthesis in the bacterial cell. The bactericidal action of b-lactam antibiotics is related to their ability to reach and bind target proteins, the penicillin sensitive enzymes within the cytoplasmic membranes of the bacteria. These enzymes are involved in reactions…

PLAQUENIL® Sanofi Hydroxychloroquine Sulfate Anti-inflammatory – Antimalarial Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Hydroxychloroquine has been beneficial for a high percentage of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and lupus erythematosus, especially chronic discoid lupus. The exact mode of action in controlling these diseases is unknown. The action of this compound against malarial parasites is similar to that of chloroquine phosphate. Indications And Clinical Uses: For the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, and discoid and…

PHOSPHATE-NOVARTIS Novartis Pharmaceuticals Sodium Acid Phosphate Hypercalciuria – Electrolyte Replenisher Indications And Clinical Uses: Hypercalciuria, electrolyte replenisher. Contra-Indications: Do not use this medication if hyperphosphatemia is present or in the presence of severe impairment of renal function (less than 30% of normal). Manufacturers’ Warnings In Clinical States: Use carefully in patients with cardiac disease treated with digitalis and in conditions where high potassium concentration may be encountered such as: adrenal…

PHOSPHATES SOLUTION Pharmascience Sodium Phosphates Laxative Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Depending on dosage, sodium phosphates oral solution is useful as a laxative in the relief of constipation, or as a bowel evacuant for a variety of diagnostic, surgical and therapeutic indications. Dibasic sodium phosphate and monobasic sodium phosphate are poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and retain water in the lumen of the intestine. When administered orally, they produce a…

PHOTOFRIN® Ligand Porfimer Sodium Antineoplastic Photosensitizing Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Pharmacodynamics: The cytotoxic and antitumor actions of porfimer sodium are light and oxygen dependent. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) with porfimer sodium is a 2 stage process. The first stage is the i.v. injection of porfimer sodium. Clearance from a variety of tissues occurs over 40 to 72 hours; but tumor, skin, and organs of the reticuloendothelial system (including liver and…

PHENERGAN® EXPECTORANT with Codeine Novartis Consumer Health Promethazine HCl – Potassium Guaiacolsulfonate – Codeine Phosphate Cough Therapy Indications And Clinical Uses: For symptomatic relief of coughs due to colds and minor upper respiratory tract infections. To facilitate expectoration and control cough associated with inflamed mucosa and tenacious sputum which does not respond to products of lesser potency. Contra-Indications: Sensitivity to any of the components, patients receiving MAO inhibitors. Not recommended…

PERSANTINE® Boehringer Ingelheim Dipyridamole Coronary Vasodilator – Inhibitor of Platelet Adhesion and Aggregation Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Dipyridamole normalizes increased platelet adhesiveness and tendency to aggregate (Hellem’s method). Dipyridamole has been found to lengthen abnormally shortened platelet survival time in a dose-dependent manner; 400 mg/day or 100 mg/day plus 1 g ASA. It is believed that platelet reactivity and interaction with prosthetic cardiac valve surfaces, resulting in abnormal shortened platelet…