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ROBINUL® INJECTABLE Wyeth-Ayerst Glycopyrrolate Anticholinergic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Glycopyrrolate, like other anticholinergic (antimuscarinic) agents, competitively antagonizes the action of acetylcholine on structures innervated by postganglionic cholinergic nerves and on smooth muscles that respond to acetylcholine but lack cholinergic innervation. Glycopyrrolate antagonizes muscarinic symptoms (e.g., bronchorrhea, bronchospasm, bradycardia and intestinal hypermotility) induced by cholinergic drugs such as the anticholinesterases. As a premedicant, glycopyrrolate injectable reduces excessive pharyngeal, tracheal and bronchial…

R & C™ Shampoo/Conditioner R & C Pyrethrins – Piperonyl Butoxide Pediculicide – Ovicide Indications And Clinical Uses: For the treatment of infestations with head lice (P. capitis), body lice (P. corporis), crab lice (P. pubis) and their nits. Contra-Indications: Should not be used by persons allergic to chrysanthemum, pyrethrin or synthetic pyrethroids. Precautions: For external use only. Harmful if swallowed. It should not be inhaled. During shampooing, contact should…

R & C™ II Spray R & C Pyrethrins – Piperonyl Butoxide Spray Insecticide Indications And Clinical Uses: For use on lice and lice eggs on garments, bedding, mattresses and furniture. Manufacturers’ Warnings In Clinical States: Not for use on humans or animals. Precautions: Contents under pressure. Do not puncture or incinerate can. Do not use near heat or store at temperatures above 50°C. Avoid spraying in eyes. May be…

RIMSO®-50 Roberts Dimethyl Sulfoxide Genitourinary Disorders Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Dimethyl sulfoxide has a wide spectrum of primary pharmacologic activity including: membrane penetrant, solute carrier across membranes, anti-inflammatory, analgesia, diuresis, cholinesterase inhibition, muscle relaxation, vasodilation, penetrant of blood-brain barrier. Although the mode of action of dimethyl sulfoxide as a treatment for various inflammatory genitourinary disorders is speculative at this time, hypotheses centre around the following: anti-inflammation, analgesic, improvement of blood…

RHINOCORT® TURBUHALER® Astra Budesonide Glucocorticosteroid Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Budesonide is a potent nonhalogenated synthetic glucocorticosteroid with strong topical and weak systemic effects. Budesonide has a high topical anti-inflammatory potency and it is rapidly biotransformed in the liver. This favorable separation between topical anti-inflammatory activity and systemic effect is due to strong glucocorticosteroid receptor affinity and an effective first pass metabolism with a short half-life. The mechanism of action of…

RHINOCORT® AQUA Astra Budesonide Glucocorticosteroid Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Budesonide is a potent nonhalogenated synthetic glucocorticosteroid with strong topical and weak systemic effects. Budesonide has a high topical anti-inflammatory potency and it is rapidly biotransformed in the liver. This favorable separation between topical anti-inflammatory activity and systemic effect is due to strong glucocorticosteroid receptor affinity and an effective first pass metabolism with a short half-life. The mechanism of action of…

RIDAURA® Pharmascience Auranofin Antirheumatic Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Auranofin is a gold preparation and therefore has the potential for serious gold toxicity. The mechanism by which auranofin exerts its therapeutic effect has not been established. In patients with adult rheumatoid arthritis or psoriatic arthritis, auranofin may modify disease activity as manifested by synovitis and associated symptoms, and reflected by laboratory parameters such as elevated ESR. There is no substantial…

RHINALAR® Roche Flunisolide Nasal Mist Allergic Rhinitis Therapy Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Flunisolide has demonstrated marked anti-inflammatory and antiallergic efficacy in classical animal test systems. It is a corticosteroid which is several hundred times more potent in animal anti-inflammatory assays than the cortisol standard. Clinical studies with flunisolide have shown a topical activity on the nasal mucous membrane with minimal associated systemic activity at the low spray doses administered. The…

RHEUMATREX™ Wyeth-Ayerst Methotrexate Sodium Antirheumatic Caution: Methotrexate should be used only by physicians whose knowledge and experience includes the use of antimetabolite therapy. Because of the possibility of serious toxic reactions the patient should be informed by the physician of the risks involved and should be under a physician’s constant supervision. Deaths have been reported with the use of methotrexate in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. In the treatment of…

Retrovir (AZT) Glaxo Wellcome Zidovudine Antiretroviral Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Zidovudine is a potent inhibitor of the in vitro replication of some retroviruses including human immunodeficiency virus, HIV. Zidovudine is a thymidine analogue in which the 3-hydroxy (-OH) group is replaced by an azido(-N3) group. Cellular thymidine kinase converts zidovudine into zidovudine monophosphate. The monophosphate is further converted into the diphosphate by cellular thymidylate kinase and to the triphosphate…