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CARDENE® Roche Nicardipine HCl Antianginal – Antihypertensive Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Nicardipine is a calcium ion influx inhibitor (calcium entry blocker or calcium ion antagonist). The therapeutic effect of this group of drugs is believed to be related to their specific cellular action of selectively inhibiting transmembrane influx of calcium ions into cardiac muscle and vascular smooth muscle. The contractile processes of these tissues are dependent upon the movement of…

CARDIZEM® CARDIZEM® SR CARDIZEM® CD Hoechst Marion Roussel Diltiazem HCl Antianginal Antihypertensive – Antianginal Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Diltiazem is a calcium ion influx inhibitor (calcium entry blocker or calcium ion antagonist). The therapeutic effect of this group of drugs is believed to be related to their specific cellular action of selectively inhibiting transmembrane influx of calcium ions into cardiac muscle and vascular smooth muscle. The contractile processes of these…

CARDIZEM® INJECTABLE Hoechst Marion Roussel Diltiazem HCl Antiarrhythmic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Mechanism of Action: Diltiazem inhibits the influx of calcium ions during membrane depolarization of cardiac and vascular smooth muscle. The therapeutic benefits of diltiazem in supraventricular tachycardias are related to its ability to slow atrioventricular (AV) nodal conduction time and prolong AV nodal refractoriness. Diltiazem exhibits frequency (use) dependent effects on AV nodal conduction such that it may…

CARDIZEM® CARDIZEM® SR CARDIZEM® CD Hoechst Marion Roussel Diltiazem HCl Antianginal Antihypertensive – Antianginal Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Diltiazem is a calcium ion influx inhibitor (calcium entry blocker or calcium ion antagonist). The therapeutic effect of this group of drugs is believed to be related to their specific cellular action of selectively inhibiting transmembrane influx of calcium ions into cardiac muscle and vascular smooth muscle. The contractile processes of these…

CAPOTEN™ Squibb Captopril Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Captopril is an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor which is used in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure. The mechanism of action of captopril has not yet been fully elucidated. It appears to lower blood pressure and be an adjunct in the therapy of congestive heart failure primarily through suppression of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system; however, there is no consistent…

CARBOCAINE® Sanofi Mepivacaine HCl Local Anesthetic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Mepivacaine stabilizes the neuronal membrane and prevents the initiation and transmission of nerve impulses, thereby affecting local anesthesia. Its pharmacological properties are somewhat similar to those of lidocaine, which it resembles chemically. Its action is more rapid in onset and somewhat more prolonged than that of lidocaine. It has been employed for all types of infiltration and regional nerve block…

CANESTEN® Topical Bayer Consumer Clotrimazole Antifungal Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Clotrimazole acts primarily by damaging the permeability barrier in the cell membrane of fungi. Clotrimazole brings about inhibition of ergosterol biosynthesis, an essential constituent of fungal cell membranes. If ergosterol synthesis is completely or partially inhibited, the cell is no longer able to construct an intact cell membrane. This leads to death of the fungus. Exposure of C. albicans to…

CANESTEN® Vaginal Bayer Consumer Clotrimazole Antifungal Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Clotrimazole acts primarily by damaging the permeability barrier in the cell membrane of fungi. Clotrimazole brings about inhibition of ergosterol biosynthesis, an essential constituent of fungal cell membranes. If ergosterol synthesis is completely or partially inhibited, the cell is no longer able to construct an intact cell membrane. This leads to death of the fungus. Exposure of C. albicans to…

CALTINE® Ferring Synthetic Calcitonin Salmon (Salcatonin) Paget’s Disease Therapy – Hypercalcemia Treatment Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Salmon calcitonin participates in the regulation of the homeostasis of calcium by acting primarily on the bone, in Paget’s disease presumably by an initial blocking effect on accelerated bone resorption. The rate of bone turnover appears to be decreased. The pharmacologic activity of salmon calcitonin is the same as that of the endogenously produced…

CAMPTOSAR™ Pharmacia & Upjohn Irinotecan HCl Trihydrate Antineoplastic Caution: Irinotecan should be administered only under the supervision of a physician who is experienced in the use of cancer chemotherapeutic agents. Irinotecan can cause both an early and late form of diarrhea. Both forms of diarrhea may be severe. Early diarrhea (occurring during or within 24 hours of irinotecan administration) may be preceded by sweats and abdominal cramping. Late diarrhea (occurring…