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IRON SALTS General Monograph Anemia Therapy Pharmacology: Iron is an important component of a number of enzymes necessary for energy transfer. It is also present in hemoglobin and myoglobin and is important in the metabolism of catecholamines and the functioning of neutrophils. Administration of iron preparations corrects erythropoietic abnormalities which are due to deficiency of iron. Iron does not stimulate erythropoiesis nor does it correct hemoglobin disturbances not caused by…

ISMO® Wyeth-Ayerst Isosorbide-5-Mononitrate Antianginal Action And Clinical Pharmacology: As with other organic nitrates, the principal pharmacological action of isosorbide-5-mononitrate, the major active metabolite of isosorbide dinitrate, is relaxation of vascular smooth muscle and consequent dilation of peripheral arteries and veins, especially the latter. Dilation of the veins promotes peripheral pooling of blood and decreases venous return to the heart, thereby reducing left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure…

INTROPIN® DuPont Pharma Dopamine HCl Sympathomimetic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Dopamine exerts an inotropic effect on the myocardium resulting in an increased cardiac output. Dopamine produces less increase in myocardial oxygen consumption than isoproterenol and its use is usually not associated with a tachyarrhythmia. Clinical studies indicate that dopamine at low and intermediate therapeutic doses usually increases systolic and pulse pressure with either no effect or a slight increase in…

INOCOR® Sanofi Amrinone Lactate Inotrope – Vasodilator Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Amrinone is a positive inotropic agent with vasodilatory activity, different in structure and mode of action from either digitalis glycosides or catecholamines. Its mechanism of action has not been fully elucidated. Experimental evidence indicates that it is not a beta-adrenergic agonist. It inhibits myocardial cyclic adenosine monophosphate phosphodiesterase (c-AMPase) activity and increases cellular levels of c-AMP. Unlike digoxin, it…

INTRON A® Schering Interferon alfa-2b Biological Response Modifier Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Interferon alfa-2b has exhibited antiproliferative effects in preclinical studies employing both cell culture systems and human tumor xenografts in animals, and has demonstrated significant immunomodulatory activity in vitro. Interferon alfa-2b also inhibits viral replication in vitro and in vivo. Interferons exert their cellular activities by binding to specific membrane receptors on the cell surface. The results of several…

INDOCID® P.D.A. MSD Indomethacin Sodium Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Agent for Closure of Patent Ductus Arteriosus Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Indomethacin is a nonsteroidal, anti-inflammatory agent which inhibits prostaglandin synthesis. The disposition of indomethacin following i.v. administration (0.2 mg/kg) in preterm neonates with patent ductus arteriosus has not been extensively evaluated. Even though the plasma half-life of indomethacin was variable among premature infants, it was shown to vary inversely with postnatal age…

INDOTEC® Technilab Indomethacin Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory – Analgesic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Indomethacin is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug with marked analgesic, and antipyretic properties. It has a unique chemical structure, which differentiates it from the salicylates, corticosteroids, phenylbutazone-like compounds and colchicine. Unlike corticosteroids, it has no effect on pituitary or adrenal function. Indomethacin is a potent inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis in vitro. Concentrations are reached during therapy which have been demonstrated…

INHIBACE® Roche Cilazapril Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Cilazapril is an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, which is used in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure. Cilazapril suppresses the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and thereby reduces both supine and standing systolic and diastolic blood pressures. Renin is an enzyme that is released by the kidneys into the circulation to stimulate the production of angiotensin I, an inactive…

Inactivated Poliomyelitis Vaccine (Diploid Cell Origin) – IPV Connaught Poliomyelitis Prophylaxis Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Poliomyelitis is caused by infection with 1 of the 3 antigenic types of poliovirus. Following introduction of poliovirus vaccine in Canada in 1955, the indigenous disease has been virtually eliminated. The last significant outbreak of poliomyelitis occurred in 1978 to 1979, when there were 11 cases of paralytic disease among unimmunized contacts of imported cases….

INDERAL® INDERAL®-LA Wyeth-Ayerst Propranolol HCl Beta-Adrenergic Receptor Blocking Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Propranolol is a non-selective beta-adrenergic receptor blocking drug. It has no other autonomic nervous system activity. Propranolol is a competitive antagonist which specifically competes with beta-adrenergic receptor stimulating agents for available beta-receptor sites. When access to beta-adrenergic receptor sites is blocked by propranolol, the chronotropic, inotropic, and vasodilator responses to beta-adrenergic stimulation are decreased proportionately. Beta-adrenergic blockade…