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LAMISIL® Novartis Pharmaceuticals Terbinafine HCl Antifungal Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Terbinafine is an allylamine which has a broad spectrum of antifungal activity. At low concentrations terbinafine is fungicidal against dermatophytes, molds and certain dimorphic fungi. The activity against yeasts is fungicidal or fungistatic, depending on the species. Terbinafine interferes specifically with fungal sterol biosynthesis by inhibition of squalene epoxidase in the fungal cell membrane. This leads to a deficiency in…

LANOHEX® SKIN CLEANSER Rougier Phenoxetol Antibacterial Skin Cleanser Indications And Clinical Uses: An all-purpose skin cleanser for personal hygiene, diaper rash and acne treatment as well as folliculitis and impetigo. Precautions: If a mild irritation appears discontinue use for a few days. Apply an emollient lotion, and resume using this product. Avoid scrubbing. During extremely cold or extremely dry weather, the auxiliary use of an emollient cream or lotion is…

LANOXIN® Glaxo Wellcome Digoxin Cardiotonic Glycoside Action And Clinical Pharmacology: The influence of digitalis glycosides on the myocardium is dose related, and involves both direct action on cardiac muscle and the specialized conduction system, and indirect actions on cardiovascular system mediated by the autonomic nervous system. The indirect actions mediated by the autonomic nervous system involve a vagomimetic action, which is responsible for the effects of digitalis on the sinoatrial…

LACTAID® McNeil Consumer Products Lactase Enzyme Lactose Digestant Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Converts the disaccharide lactose via hydrolysis into its monosaccharide components, glucose and galactose. Tablets: In vivo activity has been demonstrated with drug administration at time of milk consumption and at time of consumption of other lactose containing solid and liquid foods. Drops: Fifteen drops will hydrolyze nearly all of the lactose in 1 L of milk at refrigerator…

LACTRASE® Rivex Pharma Lactase Lactose Digestant Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Lactose is a nonabsorbable disaccharide found as a common constituent in most dairy products. Under normal conditions, dietary lactose is hydrolyzed in the jejunum and proximal ileum by beta-D-galactosidase or lactase. Lactase is produced in the brush border of the columnar epithelial cells of the intestinal villi. Lactase hydrolyzes lactose into 2 monosaccharides, glucose and galactose, that are readily absorbed…

LAMICTAL® Glaxo Wellcome Lamotrigine Antiepileptic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Lamotrigine is a drug of the phenyltriazine class chemically unrelated to existing antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Lamotrigine is thought to act at voltage-sensitive sodium channels to stabilize neuronal membranes and inhibit the release of excitatory amino acid neurotransmitters (e.g. glutamate, aspartate) that are thought to play a role in the generation and spread of epileptic seizures. Clinical Trials: In placebo-controlled clinical studies,…

JE-VAX® Connaught Japanese Encephalitis Virus Vaccine Inactivated Active Immunizing Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Japanese encephalitis (JE), a mosquito-borne arboviral Flavivirus infection is the leading cause of viral encephalitis in Asia. Infection leads to overt encephalitis in only 1 of 20 to 1 000 cases. Encephalitis usually is severe, resulting in a fatal outcome in 25% of cases and residual neuropsychiatric sequelae in 50% of cases. JE acquired during the…

JECTOFER® Astra Iron-Sorbitol-Citric Acid Complex, Dextrin-Stabilized Intramuscular Hematinic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Many of the properties of iron sorbitol result from its relatively low molecular weight. It is rapidly absorbed from the injection site and is stable in tissue fluids. Two-thirds of the injected dose is absorbed from an i.m. site within 3 hours, most of it directly into the blood circulation and, to a lesser extent, via lymphatics. Within…

ISOTREX® Stiefel Isotretinoin Acne Therapy Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Isotretinoin is a drug known to improve cystic acne when taken orally. It has also shown similar activity when used for treating less severe forms of acne. While its mechanism of action is not known, studies have shown that oral isotretinoin can decrease sebum secretion and sebaceous gland size. It also affects the keratinization of the stratum corneum. These processes are…

ISOPTIN® Knoll Verapamil HCl Antianginal – Antiarrhythmic – Antihypertensive Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Angina and Arrhythmia: Verapamil is a calcium ion influx inhibitor (calcium entry blocker or calcium ion antagonist). The mechanism of the antianginal and antiarrhythmic effects of verapamil is believed to be related to its specific cellular action of selectively inhibiting transmembrane influx of calcium in cardiac muscle, coronary and systemic arteries and in cells of the…