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RIMSO®-50 Roberts Dimethyl Sulfoxide Genitourinary Disorders Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Dimethyl sulfoxide has a wide spectrum of primary pharmacologic activity including: membrane penetrant, solute carrier across membranes, anti-inflammatory, analgesia, diuresis, cholinesterase inhibition, muscle relaxation, vasodilation, penetrant of blood-brain barrier. Although the mode of action of dimethyl sulfoxide as a treatment for various inflammatory genitourinary disorders is speculative at this time, hypotheses centre around the following: anti-inflammation, analgesic, improvement of blood…

RHINOCORT® TURBUHALER® Astra Budesonide Glucocorticosteroid Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Budesonide is a potent nonhalogenated synthetic glucocorticosteroid with strong topical and weak systemic effects. Budesonide has a high topical anti-inflammatory potency and it is rapidly biotransformed in the liver. This favorable separation between topical anti-inflammatory activity and systemic effect is due to strong glucocorticosteroid receptor affinity and an effective first pass metabolism with a short half-life. The mechanism of action of…

RIDAURA® Pharmascience Auranofin Antirheumatic Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Auranofin is a gold preparation and therefore has the potential for serious gold toxicity. The mechanism by which auranofin exerts its therapeutic effect has not been established. In patients with adult rheumatoid arthritis or psoriatic arthritis, auranofin may modify disease activity as manifested by synovitis and associated symptoms, and reflected by laboratory parameters such as elevated ESR. There is no substantial…

RIFADIN® Hoechst Marion Roussel Rifampin Antituberculous Antibiotic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Rifampin inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity in susceptible cells. Specifically, it interacts with bacterial RNA polymerase. This is the probable mechanism of action by which rifampin exerts its therapeutic effect. Pharmacokinetics: Absorption is more rapid when rifampin is administered 1 hour before meals. Peak blood levels in normal adults vary widely from individual to individual. Peak levels occur between…

RHEOMACRODEX® Medisan Pharmaceuticals Dextran 40 Plasma Volume Expander Action And Clinical Pharmacology: The biological properties of dextrans are functions of molecular structure, average molecular weight and molecular weight distribution. For Rheomacrodex these have been selected so that the preparation exerts both a general and a microcirculatory flow improving effect, at the same time producing a rapid increase in plasma volume. Following the infusion of Rheomacrodex, approximately 60% of the dextran…

REVIA® DuPont Pharma Naltrexone HCl Opioid Antagonist Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Pharmacodynamic Actions: Naltrexone is a pure opioid antagonist. It markedly attenuates or completely blocks, reversibly, the subjective effects of i.v. administered opioids. [In this context, the term opioid is used to describe 1) classic morphine-like agonists and 2) analgesics possessing agonist and antagonist activity (e.g., butorphanol, nalbuphine and pentazocine).] When coadministered with morphine, on a chronic basis, naltrexone blocks…

RHINALAR® Roche Flunisolide Nasal Mist Allergic Rhinitis Therapy Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Flunisolide has demonstrated marked anti-inflammatory and antiallergic efficacy in classical animal test systems. It is a corticosteroid which is several hundred times more potent in animal anti-inflammatory assays than the cortisol standard. Clinical studies with flunisolide have shown a topical activity on the nasal mucous membrane with minimal associated systemic activity at the low spray doses administered. The…

RHEUMATREX™ Wyeth-Ayerst Methotrexate Sodium Antirheumatic Caution: Methotrexate should be used only by physicians whose knowledge and experience includes the use of antimetabolite therapy. Because of the possibility of serious toxic reactions the patient should be informed by the physician of the risks involved and should be under a physician’s constant supervision. Deaths have been reported with the use of methotrexate in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. In the treatment of…

RETIN-A® Janssen-Ortho Tretinoin Comedolytic Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Studies in animals have shown that tretinoin supplies all the physiologic requirements of vitamin A except those needed for vision and reproduction. When animals were fed a diet in which vitamin A was replaced by vitamin A acid, there was no storage in the liver. This suggests that the acid may be the tissue-active form which is important for epithelial growth…

RESTORIL® Novartis Temazepam Hypnotic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: General: Temazepam is a benzodiazepine with hypnotic properties. Benzodiazepines act as depressants of the CNS. It is believed that benzodiazepines enhance or facilitate the effects of the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Benzodiazepines act as agonists at the benzodiazepine receptor sites. The benzodiazepine-GABA receptor-chloride ionophore complex functions mainly in the gating of the chloride channel. Benzodiazepines are thought to produce their pharmacological…