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SANDIMMUNE (CYCLOSPORINE) DESCRIPTION Cyclosporine, the active principle in Sandimmune® (cyclosporine) is a cyclic polypeptide immunosuppressant agent consisting of 11 amino acids. It is produced as a metabolite by the fungus species Beauveria nivea. Chemically, cyclosporine is designated as [ R -[ R*,R*-(E )]]-cyclic (L-alanyl – D – alanyl- N -methyl – L – leucyl- N -methyl-L-leucyl- N -methyl – L – valyl-3-hydroxy- N , 4-dimethyl-L-2-amino – 6 – octenoyl-L-(alpha)-amino-butyryl –…

SABRIL® Hoechst Marion Roussel Vigabatrin Antiepileptic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Vigabatrin is an irreversible inhibitor of gamma-aminobutyric acid transaminase (GABA-T), the enzyme responsible for the catabolism of the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain. The mechanism of action of vigabatrin is attributed to irreversible enzyme inhibition of GABA-T, and consequent increased levels of the inhibitory neurotransmitter, GABA. Decreased serum levels of ALT and AST have been observed during…

SAIZEN DESCRIPTION Saizen® [somatropin (rDNA origin) for injection] is a human growth hormone produced by recombinant DNA technology. Saizen® has 191 amino acid residues and a molecular weight of 22,125 daltons. Its amino acid sequence and structure are identical to the dominant form of human pituitary growth hormone. Saizen® is produced by a mammalian cell line (mouse C127) that has been modified by the addition of the human growth hormone…

RYTHMOL® Knoll Propafenone HCl Antiarrhythmic Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Propafenone is an antiarrhythmic agent which possesses class 1c properties in the modified electrophysiological classification of Vaughan-Williams. It has a direct stabilizing action on myocardial cell membranes. The electrophysiological effect of propafenone manifests itself as a reduction of the upstroke velocity (Phase 0) of the monophasic action potential, while phase 4 spontaneous automaticity is depressed. Diastolic excitability threshold is increased…

SYNTHROID® Knoll Levothyroxine Sodium Thyroid Hormone Action and Clinical The synthesis and secretion of the major thyroid hormones, L-thyroxine (T 4) and L-triiodothyronine (T 3), from the normally functioning thyroid gland are regulated by complex feedback mechanisms of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis. The thyroid gland is stimulated to secrete thyroid hormones by the action of thyrotropin (thyroid stimulating hormone, TSH), which is produced in the anterior pituitary gland. TSH secretion is…

SYNPHASIC® Searle Norethindrone-Ethinyl Estradiol Oral Contraceptive Action and Clinical Estrogen-progestogen combinations act primarily through the mechanism of gonadotropin suppression due to the estrogenic and progestational activity of their components. Although the primary mechanism of action is inhibition of ovulation, alterations in the cervical mucus and the endometrium may also contribute to effectiveness.IndicationsIndications: Indications And Clinical Uses: Prevention of pregnancy. Contra-Indications: History of or actual thrombophlebitis or thromboembolic disorders; history of…

ROYCHLOR® Waymar Potassium Chloride Potassium Replacement Therapy Indications And Clinical Uses: The treatment of potassium depletion found in patients with hypokalemia and metabolic alkalosis, digitalis intoxication, inadequate dietary potassium intake and those patients receiving digitalis and diuretics, e.g. congestive heart failure, and hepatic cirrhosis with ascites. For treatment of hypertensive patients undergoing longterm diuretic therapy, hyperaldosteronism states with normal renal function, potassium losing nephropathy and certain diarrheal states. Contra-Indications: In…

ROYVAC® Waymar Magnesium Citrate – Bisacodyl Bowel Evacuant Indications And Clinical Uses: Preparation of the colon for radiology (prior to barium enemas or i.v. pyelograms) surgery and many proctological procedures. Precautions: Do not use any of these preparations when undiagnosed abdominal pain, nausea or vomiting are present. Frequent or prolonged use of these preparations may result in dependence on laxatives. Do not administer Royvac to persons who cannot swallow without…

RUBRAMIN® Squibb Vitamin B12 Hematopoietic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Vitamin B is essential for growth, cell reproduction, hematopoiesis, nucleoprotein and myelin synthesis. Within 48 hours after injection of 100 to 1 000 µg of vitamin B12, 50 to 98% of the injected dose may appear in the urine. The major portion is excreted within the first 8 hours. Indications And Clinical Uses: For vitamin B12 deficiency occurring in: pernicious anemia…

RYTHMODAN® RYTHMODAN®-LA Hoechst Marion Roussel Disopyramide Antiarrhythmic Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: In both animal and man the electrophysiological and hemodynamic effects of disopyramide are qualitatively similar to those of quinidine and procainamide. Although the exact mechanism of action has not been completely elucidated, it would appear from animal studies that disopyramide exerts its antiarrhythmic activity in the following manner: 1. Reduces automaticity in cardiac Purkinje fibers by depressing the…