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DIHYDROERGOTAMINE (DHE) Novartis Pharmaceuticals Dihydroergotamine Mesylate Vascular Headache Therapy Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Dihydroergotamine displays moderate to high affinity for various serotonergic receptor subtypes (5-HT1A, 5-HT1C, 5-HT1D, 5-HT2). The compound exerts agonistic activity at the 5-HT1D subtype and antagonistic activity at the 5-HT2 subtype. Dihydroergotamine also displays blocking actions at alpha adrenergic receptor level, with a direct stimulating effect on the smooth muscle of peripheral blood vessels. Its tonic effect…

DILANTIN® INFATABS DILANTIN®-30 PEDIATRIC DILANTIN®-125 Parke-Davis Phenytoin Anticonvulsant Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Dilantin Infatabs and Dilantin-30 Pediatric/Dilantin-125 suspensions are anticonvulsant drugs which can be useful in the treatment of epilepsy. The primary site of action appears to be the motor cortex where spread of seizure activity is inhibited. Possibly by promoting sodium efflux from neurons, phenytoin tends to stabilize the threshold against hyperexcitability caused by excessive stimulation or environmental changes…

DIDROCAL® Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals Etidronate Disodium Calcium Carbonate Bone Metabolism Regulator Action And Clinical Pharmacology: The Didrocal therapy is a nonhormonal treatment consisting of etidronate disodium administered for 14 days followed by calcium carbonate administered for the next 76 days. Etidronate Disodium: Etidronate disodium is a bisphosphonate (diphosphonate) that inhibits bone resorption, primarily through the drug’s effect on osteoclasts. Etidronate disodium owes its highly selective bone effects to its…

DIDRONEL® Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals Etidronate Disodium Bone Metabolism Regulator – Antipagetic Agent – Antihypercalcemic Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Etidronate acts primarily on bone. It can inhibit the formation, growth and dissolution of hydroxyapatite crystals and their amorphous precursors by chemisorption to calcium phosphate surfaces. Inhibition of crystal resorption occurs at lower doses than are required to inhibit crystal growth. Both effects increase as the dose increases. General: The…

DIFFERIN® Galderma Adapalene Acne Therapy Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Adapalene is a chemically stable, retinoid-like compound. Biochemical and pharmacological profile studies have demonstrated that adapalene is a potent modulator of cellular differentiation, keratinization and inflammatory processes all of which represent important features in the pathology of acne vulgaris. Although the exact mode of action of adapalene is unknown, current evidence suggests that topical adapalene normalizes the differentiation of follicular epithelial…

DIFLUCAN-150™ Pfizer Fluconazole Antifungal Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Fluconazole is a highly selective inhibitor of fungal cytochrome P450 sterol C-14-a-demethylation. Mammalian cell demethylation is much less sensitive to fluconazole inhibition. The subsequent loss of normal sterols correlates with the accumulation of 14-a-methyl sterols in fungi and may be responsible for the fungistatic activity of fluconazole. Fluconazole is a polar bis-triazole antifungal drug. Studies have shown that fluconazole exhibits specificity…

DICETEL® Solvay Pharma Pinaverium Bromide Gastrointestinal Calcium Antagonist Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Pinaverium is a calcium antagonist which inhibits the calcium influx by blocking the voltage-dependent calcium channel at the smooth muscle cell level. It possesses a high degree of selectivity for the intestinal smooth muscle. Many studies showed that pinaverium induces a relaxation of the gastrointestinal and the biliary tracts and mainly of the colon, an inhibition of the…

DICLOTEC Technilab Diclofenac Sodium Anti-inflammatory – Analgesic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Diclofenac sodium is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with analgesic and antipyretic properties. The mode of action is not fully known but it does not act through the pituitary-adrenal axis. Diclofenac sodium inhibits prostaglandin synthesis by interfering with the action of prostaglandin synthetase. This inhibitory effect may partially explain its actions. From a clinical efficacy standpoint, diclofenac sodium 75…

DIABETA® Hoechst Marion Roussel Glyburide Oral Hypoglycemic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: The principal action of glyburide results in an increased insulin release from the beta cells of the pancreas. Other mechanisms leading to a reduction of blood glucose are also believed to be influenced by glyburide. The insertion of an alkylene chain on the benzene nucleus results in a product of very high potency. Schulz and Schmidt indicated that the…

DIAMICRON® Servier Gliclazide Oral Hypoglycemic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Gliclazide is an hypoglycemic agent of the sulfonylurea group. Its hypoglycemic action is related to an improvement in insulin secretion from the functioning beta cells of the pancreas. It potentiates the insulin release and improves the dynamics of insulin. Hemobiological properties of gliclazide have been observed in pharmacology studies. These are attributed to gliclazide action on the platelet behavior, prostaglandin equilibrium…