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RIFADIN® Hoechst Marion Roussel Rifampin Antituberculous Antibiotic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Rifampin inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity in susceptible cells. Specifically, it interacts with bacterial RNA polymerase. This is the probable mechanism of action by which rifampin exerts its therapeutic effect. Pharmacokinetics: Absorption is more rapid when rifampin is administered 1 hour before meals. Peak blood levels in normal adults vary widely from individual to individual. Peak levels occur between…

REACTINE™ Pfizer Consumer Cetirizine HCl Histamine H1-Receptor Antagonist Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Cetirizine, a human metabolite of hydroxyzine, is a histamine H1 receptor antagonist anti-allergic compound; its principal effects are mediated via selective inhibition of peripheral H1 receptors. Cetirizine is distinguished from other histamine H1 receptor antagonists by the presence of a carboxylic acid function. This difference may be partly responsible for the selectivity of cetirizine seen in pharmacologic models…

Rabies Vaccine Inactivated (Diploid Cell Origin), Dried Connaught Vaccine Action And Clinical Pharmacology: The administration of Rabies Vaccine Inactivated (Diploid Cell Origin), Dried stimulates the rapid development of specific antibodies. Pre-exposure Immunization: Pre-exposure clinical trials have been carried out since 1979 with the present vaccine or its less purified predecessors in over 600 volunteers. Following 3 injections of 1 mL each of vaccine, all developed antibodies at a level of…

QUINIDINE SULFATE Glaxo Wellcome Antiarrhythmic Pharmacology: Quinidine depresses excitability, conduction velocity and contractility of most cardiac tissues by a direct action on cardiac cells. Indirectly, cardiac tissues will also be affected by the anticholinergic and a-adrenoceptor blocking properties of quinidine. According to Vaughan Williams’ antiarrhythmic drug classification, quinidine is a Class 1A agent. Thus, quinidine reduces the maximal rate of phase 0 depolarization, prolongs repolarization and refractory periods and, in…

QUINIDINE General Monograph, Quinidine Antiarrhythmic – Antimalarial Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Quinidine is a class IA antiarrhythmic agent according to the Vaughan-Williams classification. It depresses most cardiac tissues by a direct action on cardiac cells. Quinidine depresses the rapid inward depolarizing sodium current, thereby reducing the amplitude of the action potential without affecting the resting potential. The slope of the slow depolarization phase of Purkinje fibres is reduced, and the…

PRIMAXIN® MSD Imipenem – Cilastatin Sodium Antibiotic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Imipenem exerts a bactericidal action by inhibiting cell wall synthesis in aerobic and anaerobic gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Primaxin consists of 2 components: imipenem, a derivative of thienamycin, a carbapenem antibiotic; and cilastatin sodium, a specific inhibitor of dehydropeptidase-I a renal enzyme which metabolizes and inactivates imipenem. Cilastatin blocks the metabolism of imipenem in the kidney, so that concomitant…

PREPULSID® Janssen-Ortho Cisapride Monohydrate Gastrointestinal Prokinetic Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Cisapride is a gastrokinetic drug whose activity is considered to be due to enhancement of the physiological release of acetylcholine at the myenteric plexus. Cisapride increases esophageal peristaltic activity and lower esophageal sphincter tone, thereby decreasing reflux of gastric contents into the esophagus and improving esophageal clearance. Gastric and duodenal emptying are also enhanced by cisapride as a consequence…

PLASBUMIN®-5 Bayer Albumin (Human) Plasma Substitute/Blood Derivative Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Albumin (human) 5% is oncotically equivalent volume for volume to normal human plasma. When administered i.v. to an adequately hydrated subject, the oncotic (colloid osmotic) effect of Albumin (Human) 5% is to expand the circulating blood volume by an amount approximately equal to the volume infused. It is primarily used in the treatment of shock associated with hemorrhage, surgery,…

PLASBUMIN®-25 Bayer Albumin (Human) Plasma Substitute/Blood Derivative Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Each 20 mL vial of albumin (human) 25% supplies the oncotic equivalent of approximately 100 mL citrated plasma; 50 mL supplies the oncotic equivalent of approximately 250 mL citrated plasma. When administered i.v. to an adequately hydrated subject, the oncotic (colloid osmotic) effect of 20 mL albumin (human) 25% is such that it will draw approximately a further 70…

PENTASPAN® DuPont Pharma Pentastarch Plasma Volume Expander Action And Clinical Pharmacology: The colloidal properties of pentastarch render it useful as a plasma volume expander. I.V. infusion of pentastarch results in expansion of the plasma volume in excess of the volume infused. This expansion persists for approximately 18 to 24 hours and is expected to improve the hemodynamic status for 12 to 18 hours. Pentastarch molecules below 50 000 molecular weight…