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AMETOP™ Smith & Nephew Tetracaine HCl Topical Anesthetic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Tetracaine is a local anesthetic of the ester type (para-amino benzoic acid derivative). Ametop has been formulated as the free base to allow the tetracaine to diffuse across the skin barrier and reach the pain receptors (nociceptors) located just below the stratum corneum. It acts by inhibiting sodium ion flux across the axon membrane thus preventing the nociceptors…

AMICAR® Wyeth-Ayerst Epsilon Aminocaproic Acid Antifibrinolytic Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Epsilon aminocaproic acid is a monoaminocarboxylic acid which acts as an effective inhibitor of fibrinolysis. The beneficial fibrinolysis-inhibitory effects of aminocaproic acid appear to be principally via inhibition of plasminogen activator substances and to a lesser degree, through antiplasmin activity. The drug is absorbed rapidly following oral administration. Whether administered by the oral or i.v. route, a major portion…

ALSOY™ Nestl©, Carnation Soy Infant Formula Indications And Clinical Uses: A nutritionally complete iron fortified soya brand formula for routine feeding of infants from birth if breast-feeding is not an option or if a supplement is required. For milk-free feeding if a soy supplement is required. Dosage And Administration: As determined by the individual infant’s needs for the first year of life. Consult the physician for specific feeding recommendations. Preparation:…

ALPHAGAN™ Allergan Brimonidine Tartrate Elevated Intraocular Pressure Therapy Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Mechanism of Action: Brimonidine is a relatively selective alpha adrenergic receptor agonist that in radioligand binding assays and in functional assays, is approximately 1 000 times more selective for the alpha-2 adrenoceptor than the alpha-1 adrenoceptor. This selectivity results in the absence of vasoconstriction in microvessels associated with human retinal xenografts. Topical administration of brimonidine decreases intraocular pressure…

ALUPENT® Preparations Boehringer Ingelheim Orciprenaline Sulfate Bronchodilator Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Orciprenaline is a bronchodilating agent. The bronchospasm associated with various pulmonary diseases – chronic bronchitis, pulmonary emphysema, bronchial asthma, silicosis, tuberculosis, sarcoidosis and carcinoma of the lung, has been successfully reversed by therapy with orciprenaline. Orciprenaline has the following major characteristics: The action of orciprenaline is one of beta stimulation. Receptor sites in the bronchi and bronchioles are more…

ALLEGRA™ Hoechst Marion Roussel Fexofenadine HCl Histamine H1-Receptor Antagonist Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Fexofenadine, the predominant human and animal active metabolite of terfenadine, is a selective histamine H1-receptor antagonist. In laboratory animals, there is no evidence of local anesthetic, analgesic, anticonvulsant, antidepressant, antidopaminergic, antiserotonergic, anticholinergic, sedative, H2-receptor antagonist, or a1-adrenergic receptor blocking activity. Fexofenadine inhibits antigen-induced bronchospasm in sensitized guinea pigs and histamine release from peritoneal mast cells of the…

ALLOPURINOL General Monograph, CPhA Xanthine Oxidase Inhibiton This monograph has been compiled by CPhA. It may contain information different from that approved by HPB, Health Canada, and the pharmaceutical manufacturers’ approval has not been requested. Pharmacology: Allopurinol and its active metabolite, oxypurinol, inhibit xanthine oxidase, the enzyme responsible for the conversion of hypoxanthine to xanthine and of xanthine to uric acid. Inhibition of this enzyme accounts for the major pharmacological…

ALOMIDE® Alcon Lodoxamide Tromethamine Anti-allergy Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Lodoxamide, a mast cell stabilizer inhibits the in vivo type I immediate hypersensitivity reaction in animals and man. In vitro studies have demonstrated the ability of lodoxamide to stabilize mast cells and prevent the antigen specific induced release of histamine. In addition, lodoxamide prevents the release of other mast cell inflammatory mediators (i.e., SRS-A, slow reacting substances of anaphylaxis also…

  ALESSE™ 21 ALESSE™ 28 Wyeth-Ayerst Levonorgestrel – Ethinyl Estradiol Oral Contraceptive Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Although the primary mechanism of action is inhibition of ovulation, the effectiveness of Alesse may also result from other mechanisms of action, such as hostility of the cervical mucus to sperm penetration and migration. Indications And Clinical Uses: For conception control. Contra-Indications: History of or actual thrombophlebitis or thromboembolic disorders. History of or actual…

ALDOMET® Injection ALDOMET® Tablets MSD Methyldopa HCl Methyldopa Antihypertensive Indications And Clinical Uses: The treatment of arterial hypertension. May be employed in a general treatment program in conjunction with a diuretic and/or other antihypertensive drugs as needed for proper response in patients with hypertension of various severity. May be employed as the initial agent in the treatment of hypertension in those patients for which treatment should not be started with…