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ETHRANE® Zeneca Enflurane  Inhalation Anesthetic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Enflurane is an inhalation anesthetic. Induction and recovery from anesthesia with enflurane are rapid. Enflurane does not appear to stimulate excessive salivation or tracheabronchial secretions, or affect bronchomotor tone. Pharyngeal and laryngeal reflexes are readily obtunded. The level of anesthesia changes rapidly, which would be predicted based upon its Oswald partition coefficients. Enflurane reduces ventilation as depth of anesthesia increases. This…

ETHYOL® Lilly Amifostine Cytoprotective Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Amifostine is a prodrug that is dephosphorylated to a pharmacologically active metabolite, the free thiol (WR-1065), at the tissue site by membrane-bound alkaline phosphatase. The ability of amifostine to selectively protect normal tissues is based upon the differential metabolism and uptake of the free thiol into normal versus malignant tissues. This differential effect is attributed to the higher capillary alkaline phosphatase…

ETOPOSIDE INJECTION Novopharm Antineoplastic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Etoposide is a semisynthetic derivative of podophyllotoxin. Etoposide exhibits cytostatic activity in vitro by preventing cells from entering mitosis or by destroying them at a premitotic stage. Etoposide interferes with the synthesis of DNA and appears to arrest human lymphoblastic cells in the late S-G2 phases of the cell cycle. The effects of etoposide on the human hematopoietic system are substantial. The…

ESTRACOMB® Novartis Pharmaceuticals Estradiol-17b – Norethindrone Acetate – Estradiol-17b Estrogen – Progestin Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Estracomb is designed to provide continuous estrogen and sequential progestin therapy, in a 28-day treatment cycle, for women with an intact uterus. Estracomb contains 2 types of transdermal therapeutic systems, Estraderm 50 (10 cm and Estragest 250/50 (20 cm. Estraderm 50 contains estradiol-17b and Estragest 250/50 contains norethindrone acetate (NETA) and estradiol-17b, respectively. Both…

ESTRACE® Roberts Estradiol-17b (micronized) Estrogen Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Estrogens are secreted mainly by the gonads and, to a very small amount, by the adrenals. In addition, they are formed, to an important degree, from peripheral conversion of adrenal and gonadal androgens to estrogens. They circulate in both unconjugated and conjugated forms in the blood, with the unconjugated estrogens, either free or bound to proteins, mainly albumin, or to the…

ESTRADERM® Novartis Pharmaceuticals Estradiol-17b Estrogen Description: Estraderm is a thin, round, multilayer, transparent transdermal therapeutic system, i.e., an adhesive patch, containing estradiol-17b that is designed for application to an area of intact skin. The Estraderm patch comprises 5 layers. Proceeding from the visible surface toward the surface attached to the skin, these layers are: 1. a transparent polyester backing film; 2. a drug reservoir of estradiol-17b and ethanol gelled with…

ESTRING® Pharmacia & Upjohn Estradiol Estrogen Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Estring is a slightly opaque ring with a whitish core containing a drug reservoir of 2 mg estradiol. Estradiol, silicone polymers and barium sulfate are combined to form the ring. When placed in the vagina, Estring releases estradiol, approximately 7.5 g/24 hours, in a consistent stable manner over 90 days. Estring has the following dimensions: outer diameter 55 mm; cross-sectional…

ERGOMAR® Rhône-Poulenc Rorer Ergotamine Tartrate Migraine Therapy Action And Clinical Pharmacology: The pharmacological properties of ergotamine are extremely complex; some of its actions are unrelated to each other, and even mutually antagonistic. Ergotamine: Has partial agonist and/or antagonist activity against tryptaminergic, dopaminergic and alpha adrenergic receptors depending upon their site; is a highly active uterine stimulant; it causes constriction of peripheral and cranial blood vessels and produces depression of central…

ERYC® Parke-Davis Erythromycin Antibiotic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Erythromycin exerts its antibacterial action by binding with the 50S ribosomal subunit of the organism, inhibiting peptide bond formation and protein synthesis within the cell. The activity is bacteriostatic or bactericidal depending on concentration. tag_IndicationsIndications Indications And Clinical Uses: For the treatment of the following infections caused by susceptible strains of the designated microorganisms. Upper Respiratory Tract Infections: Those of mild to…

ERYSOL® Stiefel Erythromycin – Ethyl Alcohol Topical Acne Therapy Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Erythromycin exerts its antibacterial action by binding to the 50s ribosomal subunit of susceptible bacteria and suppressing protein synthesis. Erythromycin is usually bacteriostatic but may be bactericidal in high concentrations or against highly susceptible organisms. The precise mechanism of action of erythromycin in the treatment of acne has not been established. Ethyl alcohol is a drying and…