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EPREX® Janssen-Ortho Epoetin Alfa Erythropoiesis Regulating Hormone Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Erythropoietin is a glycoprotein which stimulates red blood cell production. It is produced in the kidney and stimulates the division and differentiation of committed erythroid progenitors in the bone marrow. Epoetin alfa is a 165 amino acid glycoprotein manufactured by recombinant DNA technology. It has a molecular weight of 30 400 daltons and is produced by mammalian cells into…

ENTROPHEN® Johnson & Johnson• Merck ASA Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory – Analgesic – Platelet Aggregation Inhibitor Action And Clinical Pharmacology: ASA has analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory properties. In rheumatic diseases, although the analgesic and antipyretic effects are useful, the major purpose for which ASA is used is to reduce the intensity of the inflammatory process. Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis may be involved in the anti-inflammatory action of ASA. ASA also alters platelet…

EPIPEN® EPIPEN® JR. Allerex Epinephrine Allergy Therapy Auto-Injector Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Epinephrine is a sympathomimetic drug, acting on both alpha and beta receptors. It is the drug of choice for the emergency treatment of severe allergic reactions to insect bites, insect stings, food, medication and other allergens. It is also indicated for the temporary emergency treatment of severe, life-threatening asthma attacks. The strong vasoconstrictor action of epinephrine acts quickly…

ENGERIX®-B SmithKline Beecham Hepatitis B Vaccine (Recombinant) Vaccine Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Hepatitis B vaccine (recombinant) contains purified hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). It is the product of recombinant DNA technology developed by SmithKline Beecham Biologicals, s.a., Belgium. The HBsAg gene from the hepatitis B virus has been cloned by genetic engineering into Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In vitro experiments have shown that the yeast-derived HBsAg in hepatitis B vaccine (recombinant) contains…

EMADINE® Alcon Emedastine Difumarate Antiallergy Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Emedastine is a potent, selective, and topically effective histamine H1 antagonist with a rapid onset of action. In vitro and in vivo examinations of emedastine’s affinity for histamine receptors (H1, H2 and H3) demonstrate 10 000-fold selectivity for the H1 histamine receptor and concentration-dependent inhibition of histamine-stimulated vascular permeability in the conjunctiva following topical ocular administration. Emedastine is devoid of…

ELTROXIN® Glaxo Wellcome Levothyroxine Sodium Hypothyroidism Therapy Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Levothyroxine sodium is the monosodium salt of the levorotatory isomer of thyroxine (tetraiodothyronine), the principal hormone secreted by the normal thyroid gland. Pharmacokinetics: Following oral administration, the absorption of levothyroxine is incomplete and variable (50 to 75%), especially when taken with food. Once absorbed, synthetic levothyroxine is indistinguishable from the endogenous hormone. Levothyroxine is nearly totally bound to serum…

EMINASE® Roberts Anistreplase Fibrinolytic Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Anistreplase is an inactive derivative of a fibrinolytic (thrombolytic) enzyme composed of streptokinase and lys-plasminogen in which the catalytic center of the enzymatic complex is temporarily blocked by a p-anisoyl group. Anistreplase has high fibrin-binding ability; the lys-plasminogen component of anistreplase has greater fibrin affinity than that of native glu-plasminogen. Activation of anistreplase to lys-plasminogen-streptokinase occurs by a first order, hydrolytic…

ELMIRON™ Alza Pentosan Polysulfate Sodium Glycosaminoglycan Substitute Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Pentosan is intended for the treatment of interstitial cystitis. In interstitial cystitis patients, a deficient or defective bladder protective glycosaminoglycan layer allows diffusion of irritating components in urine through to the underlying bladder wall. The resultant inflammatory response in the bladder wall produces the symptoms of interstitial cystitis. Definitive proof for this is not available. Elmiron is orally bioavailable…

DRISTAN® NASAL MIST/SPRAY Whitehall-Robins Pheniramine – Phenylephrine Nasal Decongestant Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Phenylephrine is a sympathomimetic agent that constricts the smaller arterioles of the nasal passages producing a gentle and predictable decongesting effect. Pheniramine is an antihistamine that controls rhinorrhea, sneezing and lacrimation associated with elevated histamine levels in disorders of the respiratory tract. Indications And Clinical Uses: Prompt temporary relief of nasal congestion due to colds, sinusitis, hay…

DOLOBID® Frosst Diflunisal Analgesic – Anti-inflammatory Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Diflunisal is a nonsteroidal drug with analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties. The precise mechanism of the analgesic and anti-inflammatory actions of diflunisal is not known; however, it appears to be a peripherally acting analgesic drug. Diflunisal is a prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor. In animals, prostaglandin sensitize afferent nerves and potentiate the action of bradykinin in inducing pain. Since prostaglandins are known…