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MS•IR® Purdue Frederick Morphine Sulfate Opioid Analgesic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Morphine is an opioid analgesic which exerts an agonist effect at specific, saturable opioid receptors in the CNS and other tissues. In man, morphine produces a variety of effects including analgesia, constipation from decreased gastrointestinal motility, suppression of the cough reflex, respiratory depression from reduced responsiveness of the respiratory centre to CO2, nausea and vomiting via stimulation of the…

MoRu-Viraten BERNA™ Berna Products Measles and Rubella Virus Vaccine, Live, Attenuated Active Immunizing Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: MoRu-Viraten Berna is a live virus vaccine for immunization against measles (rubeola) and rubella (German measles). A single dose of MoRu-Viraten Berna vaccine was administered to 26 children, 15 months to 9 years of age, who were seronegative [a rubella hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) titer of 256). The viral vaccine strains that comprise MoRu-Viraten…

MOTILIUM® Janssen-Ortho Domperidone Maleate Upper Gastrointestinal Motility Modifier Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Domperidone is a peripheral dopamine antagonist structurally related to the butyrophenones with antiemetic and gastroprokinetic properties. Domperidone effectively increases esophageal peristalsis and lower esophageal sphincter pressure (LESP), increases gastric motility and peristalsis, enhances gastroduodenal coordination and consequently facilitates gastric emptying and decreases small bowel transit time. The mechanism of action of domperidone is related to its peripheral dopamine…

MONOPRIL™ Bristol-Myers Squibb Fosinopril Sodium Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Fosinopril is an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor which is used in the treatment of mild to moderate essential hypertension and in the management of symptomatic congestive heart failure. Following oral administration, fosinopril is rapidly hydrolyzed to fosinoprilat, its principal active metabolite. ACE is a peptidyl dipeptidase that catalyzes the conversion of angiotensin I to the vasoconstrictor…

MODULON® Axcan Pharma Trimebutine Maleate Lower Gastrointestinal Tract Motility Regulator Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Trimebutine is a noncompetitive spasmolytic agent. It possesses moderate opiate receptor affinity and has a marked antiserotonin activity especially on “mu” receptors. It induces regulation of spontaneous activity and increases synchronization between electrophysiological spikes and contractions in isolated guinea pig taenia coli and ileum. However, it does not alter normal motility, but regulates abnormal intestinal activity….

MOGADON® Roche Nitrazepam Hypnotic – Anticonvulsant Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Nitrazepam is a benzodiazepine with hypnotic and anticonvulsant properties. In sleep laboratory studies, nitrazepam decreased sleep latency, increased total sleep time and decreased awake time. There is delay in the onset, and decrease in the duration of REM sleep. Nitrazepam is reported to significantly decrease stage 1, 3 and 4 sleep and to increase stage 2. Following discontinuation of the…

MODITEN® ENANTHATE Squibb Fluphenazine Enanthate Antipsychotic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: The esterification of fluphenazine markedly prolongs its duration of effect without unduly attenuating its beneficial action. The onset of action generally appears 24 to 72 hours after injection, and the antipsychotic effects become significant within 48 to 96 hours. Amelioration of symptoms continues for 1 to 3 weeks or longer, with an average duration of effect of about 2 weeks….

MIRAPEX® Boehringer Ingelheim Pramipexole Dihydrochloride Antiparkinsonian Agent – Dopamine Agonist Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Pramipexole is a non ergot dopamine agonist with high in vitro specificity at the D2 subfamily of dopamine receptors. Pramipexole is a full agonist and exhibits higher affinity to the D3 receptor subtypes (which are in prominent distribution within the mesolimbic area) than to D2 or D4 receptor subtypes. While pramipexole exhibits high affinity for the…

MINESTRIN™ 1/20 Parke-Davis Norethindrone Acetate – Ethinyl Estradiol Oral Contraceptive Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Minestrin 1/20 achieves its contraceptive effect primarily by inhibition of ovulation through gonadotrophin suppression. It is well-established that oral contraceptives containing estrogen and progestogen affect hypothalamic, pituitary and ovarian functions. They may alter many other physiological systems. Although the exact mechanisms of action are incompletely understood, there is universal agreement that the inhibition of the ovulatory…

MINTEZOL® MSD Thiabendazole Anthelmintic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Thiabendazole is an anthelmintic for the treatment of various nematode infections of man. Thiabendazole provides systemic treatment for cutaneous larva migrans. It causes worms to be eliminated spontaneously from the cutaneous blister or it eases their manual removal. In some instances the devitalized worm is not expelled and encystment with lysis occurs. In some patients, the drug has been useful in the…