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XYLOCAINE® ENDOTRACHEAL Astra Lidocaine HCl Topical Anesthetic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Mechanism of Action: Lidocaine stabilizes the neuronal membrane by inhibiting the ionic fluxes required for the initiation and conduction of impulses, thereby effecting local anesthetic action. Local anesthetics of the amide type are thought to act within the sodium channels of the nerve membrane. Onset of Action: Lidocaine, when applied topically to the oral cavity, acts on mucous membranes…

WESTCORT® Preparations Westwood-Squibb Hydrocortisone-17-valerate Topical Corticosteroid Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Studies conducted in healthy adult volunteers illustrated that 0.2% Hydrocortisone-17-valerate cream and ointment has minimal primary irritant and contact sensitization potential. Adrenal suppression studies with the cream indicated that any observed reduction in pituitary-adrenal function was rapidly reversible. Indications And Clinical Uses: Topical therapy of acute and chronic corticosteroid responsive dermatoses, where an anti-inflammatory, anti-allergenic and antipruritic activity is required…

WEBBER® VITAMIN E OINTMENT Novartis Consumer Health d-Alpha Tocopheryl Acetate Emollient Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Vitamin E functions as an antioxidant and stabilizer of cell membranes. Indications And Clinical Uses: For the treatment of sunburn, minor cuts and burns and other minor skin irritations. Precautions: If adverse reaction or irritation occurs, discontinue use and consult a physician. In the case of a serious burn, consult a physician. Not for ophthalmic…

WELLBUTRIN® SR Glaxo Wellcome Bupropion HCl Antidepressant Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Bupropion is an antidepressant of the aminoketone class. It is chemically unrelated to tricyclic, tetracyclic, selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors or other known antidepressant agents. Its structure closely resembles that of diethylpropion. It is related to the phenylethylamines. The mechanism of bupropion’s antidepressant activity is unknown but appears to be mediated by noradrenergic (and possibly dopaminergic), rather than serotonergic mechanisms….

VOLTAREN® Novartis Pharmaceuticals Diclofenac Sodium Anti-inflammatory – Analgesic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Diclofenac sodium is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with analgesic and antipyretic properties. The mode of action is not fully known but it does not act through the pituitary-adrenal axis. Diclofenac inhibits prostaglandin synthesis by interfering with the action of prostaglandin synthetase. This inhibitory effect may partially explain its actions. From a clinical efficacy standpoint, diclofenac sodium 75…

WARTEC® Pharmascience Podofilox Antimitotic Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Necrosis of visible tissue is observed following treatment of genital warts with podofilox. The exact mechanism of action is unknown. Podofilox is a metaphase inhibitor of dividing cells. Podofilox binds to at least one binding site on tubulin. This binding prevents the tubulin polymerization required for microtubule assembly. At higher concentrations podofilox also inhibits nucleoside transport through the cell membrane. The…

VIVOTIF BERNA® L VACCINE Berna Products Typhoid Vaccine Live Oral Attenuated Ty21a Typhoid Prophylaxis Action And Clinical Pharmacology: S. typhi is the etiological agent of typhoid fever, an acute, febrile enteric disease. This vaccine will not afford protection against species of Salmonella other than S. typhi or other bacteria that cause enteric disease. The incidence of typhoid fever has declined steadily in Canada. Approximately 70 cases are reported annually. Most…

VOLTAREN OPHTHA® CIBA Vision Diclofenac Sodium Anti-inflammatory – Analgesic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Diclofenac is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug with analgesic properties. The mode of action is not fully known, but it does not act through the pituitary-adrenal axis, even when given systemically. Diclofenac inhibits prostaglandin synthesis by interfering with the action of prostaglandin synthetase. Prostaglandins play a critical role in many inflammatory processes of the eye and appear to…

VOLTAREN RAPIDE® Novartis Pharmaceuticals Diclofenac Potassium Anti-inflammatory – Analgesic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Diclofenac potassium, the active substance of Voltaren Rapide is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with analgesic and antipyretic properties. Diclofenac inhibits prostaglandin synthesis by interfering with the action of prostaglandin synthetase. This inhibitory effect may partially explain its actions. It is considered to be a peripherally acting analgesic. Diclofenac potassium tablets have a rapid onset of action,…

VITAMIN A ACID Dermik Laboratories Canada Tretinoin Acne Therapy Action And Clinical Pharmacology: The interest in oral vitamin A in the treatment of acne started some 30 years ago following publication of a report by Straumfjord and theoretical support for the use of the vitamin in the reduction of hyperkeratosis came from basic science investigations. Hunter and Pinkus showed a reduction in the number of keratinocytes in the human stratum…