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ZESTRIL® Zeneca Lisinopril Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Lisinopril is an ACE inhibitor which is used in the treatment of hypertension, congestive heart failure and following myocardial infarction in hemodynamically stable patients. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) is a peptidyl dipeptidase which catalyzes the conversion of angiotensin I to the pressor substance, angiotensin II. Inhibition of ACE results in decreased plasma angiotensin II, which leads to increased plasma…

ZARONTIN® Parke-Davis Ethosuximide Anticonvulsant Indications And Clinical Uses: The control of absence (petit mal) epilepsy. Contra-Indications: Ethosuximide should not be used in patients with a history of hypersensitivity to succinimides. Precautions: Blood dyscrasias, including some with fatal outcome, have been reported to be associated with the use of ethosuximide; therefore, periodic blood counts should be performed. Ethosuximide is capable of producing morphological and functional changes in the animal liver. In…

ZAROXOLYN® Rhône-Poulenc Rorer Metolazone Diuretic – Antihypertensive Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Metolazone is a quinazoline diuretic/antihypertensive agent. The action of metolazone is to interfere with the renal tubular mechanism of electrolyte reabsorption. The mechanism of this action is unknown. Metolazone acts primarily to inhibit sodium reabsorption at the cortical diluting site and in the proximal convoluted tubule. Sodium and chloride ions are excreted in approximately equivalent amounts. The increased delivery…

ZADITEN® Novartis Ketotifen Fumarate Pediatric Asthma Prophylactic – Antiallergic Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Ketotifen is a nonbronchodilator antiasthmatic drug which inhibits the effects of certain endogenous substances known to be inflammatory mediators, and thereby exerts antiallergic activity. Preclinical studies indicated that ketotifen’s anti-H1 effect seems to be distinct from its antiallergic properties. The effectiveness of ketotifen in the chronic management of mild atopic pediatric asthma has been shown in…

XANAX® XANAX TS Pharmacia & Upjohn Alprazolam Anxiolytic – Antipanic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Alprazolam, a triazolo 1,4 benzodiazepine analog, binds with high affinity to the GABA benzodiazepine receptor complex. Considerable evidence suggest that the central pharmacologic/therapeutic actions of alprazolam are mediated via interaction with this receptor complex. Pharmacokinetics: Orally administered alprazolam is readily absorbed in man. Plasma levels are proportional to the dose given; over the dose range of…

WinRho SDF™ Cangene Rho (D) Immune Globulin (Human) Passive Immunizing Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Rho (D) Immune Globulin (Human) is a sterile freeze-dried gamma globulin (IgG) fraction of human plasma containing antibodies to Rho (D), prepared by an anion-exchange column chromatography method. The incorporation of the Solvent Detergent step, which includes treatment with Tri-n-butyl phosphate and Triton X-100, in the WinRho SDF process is designed to increase the safety…

X-PREP® Purdue Frederick Standardized Sennosides Diagnostic Aid Indications And Clinical Uses: A potent cathartic to be used only for evacuation of the colon prior to contrast radiography of the gastrointestinal tract, other abdominal radiography, or examinations where a clear colon is essential for proper visualization. Also indicated prior to surgery of the colon or rectum. Contra-Indications: The “acute abdomen”. Dosage And Administration: Adults: At 10 a.m. on the day prior…

XALATAN™ Pharmacia & Upjohn Latanoprost Prostaglandin F2  Analogue Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Latanoprost, a novel prostaglandin F2  analogue, is a selective prostanoid FP receptor agonist which reduces the intraocular pressure by increasing the outflow of aqueous humor. Studies in animals and man indicate that the main mechanism of action is increased uveoscleral outflow. Primary open-angle glaucoma is a disease with characteristic optic nerve damage and a corresponding visual field defect….

WELLFERON® Glaxo Wellcome Interferon alpha-n1 (Ins) Biological Response Modifier Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Wellferon is a highly purified blend of natural human alpha interferons, obtained from human lymphoblastoid cells following induction with Sendai virus. Wellferon resembles human leukocyte interferon in that it is a mixture of natural alpha subtypes but differs in that these are present in different proportions. It also differs from recombinant alpha interferon preparations made from bacteria…

VUMON® PARENTERAL Bristol Teniposide Antineoplastic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Teniposide is a semi-synthetic derivative of podophyllotoxin. In vitro, teniposide exerts a powerful cytostatic effect by first arresting cells in metaphase. Its main effect, however, is preventing cells from entering mitosis (arrest of G2 phase of cell cycle) within 1 to 2 hours after drug addition. At higher concentrations, a third effect can be observed, disintegration of part of interphase cells…