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PROVIODINE® Rougier Povidone-Iodine Antiseptic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Proviodine is iodine complexed with povidone (polyvinyl-pyrrolidone). The compound is soluble in water forming a golden brown solution. Like iodine, the solution of the iodine complex is bactericidal and fungicidal. However, unlike solutions of iodine, it is non-staining. The antiseptic action of povidone-iodine solutions is due to the available iodine present in the complex. Indications And Clinical Uses: Derma: Useful as a…

PROSTIN® E2 Pharmacia & Upjohn Dinoprostone Prostaglandin Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Orally administered dinoprostone stimulates the myometrium of the gravid uterus to contract in a manner that is similar to the contractions observed in the term uterus during spontaneous labor. Whether or not this action results from a direct or indirect effect of dinoprostone on the myometrium has not been determined with certainty. Dinoprostone’s ability to stimulate gastrointestinal tract smooth…

PROSTIN® VR Pharmacia & Upjohn Alprostadil Prostaglandin Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Alprostadil (also known as prostaglandin E1) relaxes the ductus arteriosus in early postnatal life and supports its patency when continuously infused i.v. or intra-arterially in neonates with congenital heart defects who depend on a patent ductus for survival. The desired pharmacological effects are obtained with an initial dosage of 0.1 µg/kg/minute. Higher doses do not offer added benefit. Postnatally…

PROSTIN® E2 Vaginal Gel Pharmacia & Upjohn Dinoprostone Prostaglandin Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Dinoprostone is a synthetic analogue of Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). The major clinical application of PGE2 relates to its effect on uterine smooth muscle. This property has led to its obstetrical use for term labor induction and preterm evacuation of uterine contents (for fetal death in utero, hydatidiform mole and abortion). Similarly, this effect on other smooth muscle…

PROTAMINE SULFATE INJECTION Pharmaceutical Partners Heparin Antagonist Action And Clinical Pharmacology: When administered alone, protamine has an anticoagulant effect. However, when it is given in the presence of heparin (which is strongly acidic), a stable salt is formed which results in the loss of anticoagulant activity of both drugs. Protamine has a rapid onset of action. Neutralization of heparin occurs within 5 minutes after i.v. administration. Although the metabolic fate…

PROPYL-THYRACIL® Frosst Propylthiouracil Hyperthyroidism Therapy Indications And Clinical Uses: The medical management of hyperthyroidism. The treatment of thyrotoxicosis prior to surgery. In conjunction with radioiodine to hasten recovery while awaiting the effects of radiation. The management of thyroid storm in addition to other therapeutic measures. Contra-Indications: Lactation. Hypersensitivity or idiosyncratic reaction to propylthiouracil. Manufacturers’ Warnings In Clinical States: Pregnancy: Propylthiouracil readily crosses the placenta and can cause goiter or cretinism…

PROSCAR® MSD Finasteride 5 Alpha-reductase Inhibitor Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Finasteride is a synthetic 4-azasteroid compound which is a competitive and specific inhibitor of 5 alpha-reductase, an intracellular enzyme which metabolizes testosterone into the more potent androgen dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Finasteride has very low affinity for the androgen receptor. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common finding in men over the age of 50 and its prevalence increases with age. The…

PROSTIGMIN® Preparations ICN Neostigmine Parasympathomimetic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Neostigmine inhibits the destruction of acetylcholine by cholinesterase, thus permitting freer transmission of nerve impulses across the neuromuscular junction. It also has a direct effect on voluntary muscle fibres and possibly on autonomic ganglion cells and neurons of the CNS. After absorption or i.v. administration, 80% of a dose is excreted by the kidney in the unchanged (50%) and metabolized (30%)…

PROMETRIUM™ Schering Progesterone Progestin Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Micronized progesterone is an oral dosage form of the naturally occurring steroid; it is chemically identical to progesterone of ovarian origin. Micronization of progesterone improves its absorption by the digestive tract by increasing the surface area in contact between the steroid and the mucous membrane. Pharmacokinetic studies indicate that plasma progesterone levels within the luteal range are achieved with peak levels at…

PRONESTYL® PRONESTYL®-SR Squibb Procainamide HCl Antiarrhythmic Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Procainamide increases the effective refractory period of the atria, and to a lesser extent the bundle of His-Purkinje system and ventricles of the heart. It reduces impulse conduction velocity in the atria, His-Purkinje fibers, and ventricular muscle, but has variable effects on the atrioventricular node, a direct slowing action and a weaker vagolytic effect which may speed atrioventricular conduction…