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ZOVIRAX® Ointment Glaxo Wellcome Acyclovir Antiviral Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Acyclovir, an acyclic nucleoside analog, is a substrate specific for herpesvirus-specified thymidine kinase. It inhibits replication of these viruses. Normal cellular thymidine kinase does not effectively utilize acyclovir as a substrate. Herpes-virus-specified thymidine kinase transforms acyclovir to its monophosphate which is then transformed by cellular enzymes to acyclovir diphosphate and acyclovir triphosphate. Acyclovir triphosphate is both an inhibitor of,…

ZOLADEX® LA Zeneca Goserelin Acetate Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone Analog (LHRH Analog) Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Goserelin is a synthetic decapeptide analog of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH or LHRH). When given acutely, goserelin stimulates the release of pituitary luteinizing hormone (LH) from the pituitary gland. However, following chronic administration, goserelin is a potent inhibitor of gonadotropin production resulting in gonadal and consequently, accessory sex organ regression. This effect is the basis…

ZOLADEX® Zeneca Goserelin Acetate LHRH Analog Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Goserelin is a synthetic decapeptide analog of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH or LHRH). When given acutely, goserelin releases luteinizing hormone (LH) from the pituitary gland. However, following chronic administration, goserelin is a potent inhibitor of gonadotropin production resulting in gonadal and consequently, accessory sex organ regression. This effect is the basis for the inhibition of growth of chemically-induced rat mammary…

ZONALON Medicis Doxepin HCl Antipruritic Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Doxepin, a dibenzoxepin-derivative tricyclic compound, is a topical antipruritic. While the exact mechanism of antipruritic activity is unknown, doxepin exhibits potent histamine H1 and H2 receptor antagonist activity. Although the sedative effect of systemically absorbed doxepin may contribute to the drug’s antipruritic activity, the antipruritic efficacy of doxepin reportedly does not appear to depend on a sedative effect. tag_IndicationsIndications Indications…

ZITHROMAX™ Pfizer Azithromycin Dihydrate Antibiotic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Azithromycin, a macrolide antibiotic of the azalide subclass, exerts its antibacterial action by binding to the 50s ribosomal subunits of susceptible bacteria and suppressing protein synthesis. Following oral administration, azithromycin is rapidly absorbed (Tmax = 2 to 3 hours) and distributed widely throughout the body. Rapid movement of azithromycin from blood into tissue results in significantly higher azithromycin concentrations in tissue…

ZINCOFAX® Warner-Lambert Consumer Healthcare Zinc Oxide Skin Protective Indications And Clinical Uses: Prevents and treats diaper rash. Precautions: Information for the Patient: For external use only. Avoid contact with eyes; if this occurs, rinse thoroughly with water. If an adverse reaction or irritation occurs, discontinue use and consult your physician. Symptoms And Treatment Of Overdose: Symptoms: If excessive amounts are ingested, vomiting and diarrhea may occur. Treatment: Supportive. Dosage And…

ZINACEF® Glaxo Wellcome Cefuroxime Sodium Antibiotic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: In vitro studies demonstrate that the bactericidal action of cefuroxime, a cephalosporin antibiotic, results from inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis by inhibiting the transpeptidase and carboxypeptidase enzymes. Cefuroxime is active against the following organisms in vitro: Gram-positive: S. pyogenes, S. viridans and S. pneumoniae. S. aureus, both penicillin sensitive and beta-lactamase producing. Clostridia. Some strains of methicillin resistant staphylococci…

ZINECARD™ Pharmacia & Upjohn Dexrazoxane Cardioprotective Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Dexrazoxane is a cyclic derivative of EDTA which, unlike EDTA, readily penetrates cell membranes. Dexrazoxane was shown to be able to protect the myocardium from anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity. The mechanism by which dexrazoxane exerts its cardioprotective activity is not fully understood. Results of laboratory studies suggest that dexrazoxane is converted intracellularly to an open-ringed chelating agent which interferes with iron-mediated…

ZARONTIN® Parke-Davis Ethosuximide Anticonvulsant Indications And Clinical Uses: The control of absence (petit mal) epilepsy. Contra-Indications: Ethosuximide should not be used in patients with a history of hypersensitivity to succinimides. Precautions: Blood dyscrasias, including some with fatal outcome, have been reported to be associated with the use of ethosuximide; therefore, periodic blood counts should be performed. Ethosuximide is capable of producing morphological and functional changes in the animal liver. In…

ZAROXOLYN® Rhône-Poulenc Rorer Metolazone Diuretic – Antihypertensive Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Metolazone is a quinazoline diuretic/antihypertensive agent. The action of metolazone is to interfere with the renal tubular mechanism of electrolyte reabsorption. The mechanism of this action is unknown. Metolazone acts primarily to inhibit sodium reabsorption at the cortical diluting site and in the proximal convoluted tubule. Sodium and chloride ions are excreted in approximately equivalent amounts. The increased delivery…