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AGRYLIN™ Roberts Anagrelide HCl Platelet-reducing Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: The mechanism by which anagrelide reduces blood platelet count is still under investigation. Studies in patients support a hypothesis of dose-related reduction in platelet production resulting from a decrease in megakaryocyte hypermaturation. In blood withdrawn from normal volunteers treated with anagrelide, a disruption was found in the postmitotic phase of megakaryocyte development and a reduction in megakaryocyte size and ploidy….

ADEKs® Pediatric Drops ADEKs® Tablets Axcan Pharma Multiple Vitamins – Zinc Sulfate Multiple Vitamins – Zinc Oxide Multiple Vitamin – Mineral Supplement Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Deficiencies of one or more of the fat-soluble vitamins may occur in the presence of steatorrhea or other malabsorption, hepatic dysfunction, protein malnutrition, zinc deficiency, and very low fat diets. As with all vitamins, adequate levels are essential to good health and proper growth….

ADENOCARD® Fujisawa Adenosine Antiarrhythmic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Adenosine is an endogenous nucleoside occurring in all cells of the body. When injected i.v. adenosine slows atrioventricular (AV) nodal conduction, can interrupt the reentry pathways through the AV node and can restore normal sinus rhythm in patients with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT), including PSVT associated with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. Adenosine is antagonized competitively by methylxanthines such as caffeine and theophylline and potentiated…

ADRUCIL® Pharmacia & Upjohn Fluorouracil Antineoplastic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: The mechanism of action of fluorouracil is mainly related to competitive inhibition of thymidylate synthetase, the enzyme catalyzing the methylation of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid. The consequent thymidine deficiency results in inhibition of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis, thus inducing cell death. Also, moderate inhibition of ribonucleic acid (RNA) and incorporation of fluorouracil into RNA have been observed. The predominant…

ADALAT® Bayer Nifedipine Antianginal Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Nifedipine is a calcium ion influx inhibitor (calcium entry blocker or calcium ion antagonist). The antianginal effect of this group of drugs is believed to be related to its specific cellular action of selectively inhibiting transmembrane influx of calcium ions into cardiac muscle and vascular smooth muscle. The contractile processes of these tissues are dependent upon the movement of extracellular calcium into…

ADALAT® PA 10 ADALAT® PA 20 Bayer Nifedipine Antihypertensive Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Nifedipine is a calcium ion influx inhibitor (calcium channel blocker or calcium ion antagonist). The antihypertensive action of this group of drugs is believed to be related to its specific cellular action of selectively inhibiting transmembrane influx of calcium ions into vascular smooth muscles. The contractile processes of vascular smooth muscle are dependent upon the movement of…

ADEKs® Pediatric Drops ADEKs® Tablets Axcan Pharma Multiple Vitamins – Zinc Sulfate Multiple Vitamins – Zinc Oxide Multiple Vitamin – Mineral Supplement Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Deficiencies of one or more of the fat-soluble vitamins may occur in the presence of steatorrhea or other malabsorption, hepatic dysfunction, protein malnutrition, zinc deficiency, and very low fat diets. As with all vitamins, adequate levels are essential to good health and proper growth….

ACTIFED® Warner-Lambert Consumer Healthcare Triprolidine HCl – Pseudoephedrine HCl Antihistaminic – Decongestant Indications And Clinical Uses: The prophylaxis and treatment of symptoms associated with the common cold, acute and subacute sinusitis, acute eustachian salpingitis, serous otitis media with eustachian tube congestion, aerotitis media and croup; in allergic conditions which respond to antihistamines, including hay fever, pollenosis, allergic and vasomotor rhinitis. Contra-Indications: Hypersensitivity to triprolidine or pseudoephedrine. Should not be administered…

ACTINAC® Hoechst Marion Roussel Chloramphenicol – Hydrocortisone Acetate – Butoxyethylnicotinate – Allantoin – Precipitated Sulfur Acne Therapy Action And Clinical Pharmacology: The roles of the individual ingredients in Actinac and their collective mechanisms of action in the topical treatment of acne have not been elucidated. Hydrocortisone, chloramphenicol and precipitated sulfur are however, widely recognized for their respective anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and desquamating properties. Chloramphenicol is usually bacteriostatic in action, but may…

ACTIVASE® rt-PA Roche Alteplase Fibrinolytic Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Alteplase is a serine protease which has the property of fibrin-enhanced conversion of plasminogen to plasmin. It produces minimal conversion of plasminogen in the absence of fibrin; and when introduced into the systemic circulation, alteplase binds to fibrin in a thrombus and converts the entrapped plasminogen to plasmin. This initiates local fibrinolysis with minimal systemic effects. Following administration of alteplase…