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CITROCARBONATE® Roberts Bicarbonate – Tartrate Compound Urinary Alkalizer Indications And Clinical Uses: As a systemic and urinary alkalinizer, gastric antacid. Precautions: Consider the sodium content in administration to patients on sodium free diets. Chronic, prolonged use may produce metabolic alkalosis. Dosage And Administration: Adults: 1 to 2 teaspoonfuls of powder in a glass of cold water, 15 minutes to 2 hours after meals, or as directed by a physician. Children:…

CISPLATIN INJECTION Faulding Antineoplastic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Cisplatin is thought to act by producing inter-strand and intra-strand cross-links of cellular DNA in a similar manner to bifunctional alkylating agents. It does not appear to be cell-cycle specific. Using radioactive platinum, a high uptake of the drug was found in kidneys, liver and intestines with poor penetration of the CNS. An initial plasma half-life of 25 to 49 minutes and…

CITANEST® 4% PLAIN CITANEST® 4% FORTE Astra Prilocaine HCl Prilocaine HCl – Epinephrine Local Anesthetic for Infiltration and Nerve Block Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Mechanism of Action: Prilocaine stabilizes the neuronal membrane and prevents the initiation and transmission of nerve impulses thereby, effecting local anesthetic action. Local anesthetics of the amide type are thought to act within sodium channels of the nerve membrane. Onset of Action: When used for infiltration…

CIDOMYCIN® Hoechst Marion Roussel Gentamicin Antibiotic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Gentamicin is a bactericidal antibiotic which affects bacterial growth by specific inhibition of normal protein synthesis in susceptible bacteria. Gentamicin Serum Levels Via the I.M. Route in Adults and Children: In patients with normal renal function, peak serum concentrations, bactericidal for susceptible bacteria, occur between 30 and 90 minutes after injection. The peak serum level (mg/L) is usually 4 times…

CHYMODIACTIN® Knoll Chymopapain Proteolytic Enzyme Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Chymopapain for intradiscal injection is injected into the herniated nucleus pulposus of the lumbar intervertabral disc resulting in rapid hydrolysis of the noncollagenous polypeptides or proteins that maintain the tertiary structure of the chondromucoprotein. This lessens the intradiscal osmotic activity, thereby decreasing fluid absorption and reducing intradiscal pressure. The foregoing mechanism of action is based on animal in vitro and in…

CHRONOVERA® Searle Verapamil HCl Antihypertensive – Antianginal Agent System Components and Performance: Chronovera is a formulation designed to initiate the release of verapamil approximately 4 to 5 hours after ingestion by means of a delay coating and thereafter to provide a constant rate of release over 12 hours. The tablet is comprised of a semipermeable membrane surrounding a drug core that is osmotically active. The core itself is divided into…

CICATRIN® Glaxo Wellcome Bacitracin – Neomycin Sulfate – Amino Acids Antibiotic – Tissue Healant Indications And Clinical Uses: As a prophylactic or treatment and healing agent for surface wounds, minor burns, and stasis ulcers. Not recommended for the treatment of superficial fungal infections. The use of the powder does not exclude concomitant systemic therapy with antibiotics where appropriate. Contra-Indications: Patients who have demonstrated allergic hypersensitivity to the product or any…

CHOLERA VACCINE Connaught Cholera Prophylaxis Indications And Clinical Uses: For immunization against cholera. Precautions: As with any injection of biological materials, epinephrine HCl solution (1:1 000) should be immediately available as a precautionary measure should an acute anaphylactoid reaction occur. Adverse Reactions: Vaccination often results in discomfort at the site of injection for 1 or more days. The local reaction may be accompanied by fever, malaise and headache. Dosage And…

CHLORPROMAZINE General Monograph, Antipsychotic – Antiemetic Pharmacology: Chlorpromazine is an aliphatic phenothiazine. Phenothiazines are thought to elicit their antipsychotic and antiemetic effects via interference with central dopaminergic pathways in the mesolimbic and medullary chemoreceptor trigger zone areas of the brain, respectively. Extrapyramidal side effects are a result of interaction with dopaminergic pathways in the basal ganglia. Although often termed dopamine blockers, the exact mechanism of dopaminergic interference responsible for the…

CHLORAMPHENICOL General Monograph, Antibiotic Pharmacology: Chloramphenicol, which was originally isolated from Streptomyces venezuelae and is now synthetically produced, exerts mainly a bacteriostatic effect on a wide range of gram-positive and gram-negative organisms and is active against Rickettsia, Chlamydia (psittacosis-lymphogranuloma organisms), and Mycoplasma. It is particularly effective against H. influenzae, S. pneumoniae, S. typhi and Neisseria species. The palmitate and sodium succinate esters are inactive until hydrolyzed to free chloramphenicol which…