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NITOMAN® Roche Tetrabenazine Monoamine Depleting Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: The central effects of tetrabenazine closely resemble those of reserpine, but it differs from the latter in having less peripheral activity and in being much shorter acting. In laboratory animals, tetrabenazine interferes with vesicular storage of biogenic amines, including dopamine as well as serotonin and norepinephrine; this effect is mainly limited to the brain. Hydroxytetrabenazine is believed to be the…

NIFEDIPINE PA 10 NIFEDIPINE PA 20 Schein Pharmaceutical Nifedipine Antihypertensive Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Nifedipine is a calcium ion influx inhibitor (calcium channel blocker or calcium ion antagonist). The antihypertensive action of this group of drugs is believed to be related to their specific cellular action of selectively inhibiting transmembrane influx of calcium ions into vascular smooth muscles. The contractile processes of vascular smooth muscle are dependent upon the movement…

NILSTAT® Technilab Nystatin Antifungal Antibiotic Indications And Clinical Uses: Oral Drops: Monilial infections of the mouth (thrush) and intestinal moniliasis in infants and children. Oral Tablets: Prevention and treatment of intestinal moniliasis. Prevention or treatment of lower intestinal and anal infections caused by Candida albicans (monilia). Powder: For the treatment of infections of the oral cavity by C. albicans (monilia). Cream and Ointment: Treatment of cutaneous or mucocutaneous mycotic infections…

NIMBEX® Glaxo Wellcome Cisatracurium Besylate Nondepolarizing Skeletal Neuromuscular Blocking Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Cisatracurium is an intermediate-acting, nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent for i.v. administration. Cisatracurium, 1 of 10 isomers of atracurium besylate, constitutes approximately 15% of that mixture. Cisatracurium binds competitively to cholinergic receptors on the motor end-plate to antagonize the action of acetylcholine, resulting in block of neuromuscular transmission. This action is antagonized by acetylcholinesterase inhibitors such as…

NICORETTE® PLUS Hoechst Marion Roussel Nicotine Polacrilex Smoking Cessation Aid Action And Clinical Pharmacology: The active component of Nicorette Plus is nicotine in the form of a natural extract from the tobacco plant. In small doses, nicotine stimulates autonomic ganglia. Larger doses of the drug result in a blockage of the ganglia. The effects on autonomic ganglia vary according to the degree of tolerance to nicotine. The major cardiovascular effects…

NICORETTE® Hoechst Marion Roussel Nicotine Polacrilex Smoking Cessation Aid Action And Clinical Pharmacology: The active component of Nicorette is nicotine in the form of a natural extract from the tobacco plant. In small doses, nicotine stimulates autonomic ganglia. Larger doses of the drug result in a blockage of the ganglia. The effects on autonomic ganglia vary according to the degree of tolerance to nicotine. The major cardiovascular effects of nicotine…

NIDAGEL™ 3M Pharmaceuticals Metronidazole Antibacterial Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Metronidazole demonstrates antibacterial activity against bacteria classified as obligate anaerobes including Bacteroides and to a lesser extent against anaerobic gram-positive rods. The nitro group of the drug is thought to be reduced in the target cell leading to the production of cytotoxic metabolites. Bioavailability studies on the administration of a single 5 g dose of NidaGel into the vaginas of 12…

NICOTROL® Johnson & Johnson• Merck Nicotine Stop Smoking Aid Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Nicotrol is a multilayered, laminated, flexible thin film containing nicotine as the active ingredient. Nicotrol has been specifically designed to provide a 16-hour rate controlled delivery of nicotine following its application to intact skin. It is intended to be applied during the day and removed at night prior to sleeping, thus minimizing the potential for any sleep…

NEURONTIN™ Parke-Davis Gabapentin Antiepileptic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Gabapentin exhibits antiseizure activity in mice and rats both in the maximal electroshock and in the pentylenetetrazol seizure models. Gabapentin is structurally related to the neurotransmitter GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) but does not interact with GABA receptors, it is not metabolized to GABA or to GABA agonists, and it is not an inhibitor of GABA uptake or degradation. Gabapentin at concentrations up to…

NIACIN NIACINAMIDE General Monograph, Nicotinic Acid, Vitamin B3 Nicotinamide Vitamin Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Niacin and niacinamide are water-soluble B complex vitamins. In vivo, niacin is converted to niacinamide, a constituent of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP), which are coenzymes involved in glycogenolysis, tissue respiration and lipid metabolism. Niacin deficiency results in pellagra, a chronic wasting disease characterized by dermatitis, dementia and diarrhea. Niacin produces…