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QUADRACEL™ Connaught Component Pertussis Vaccine – Diphtheria and Tetanus Toxoids Adsorbed Combined with Inactivated Poliomyelitis Vaccine Active Immunizing Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Immunization against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis and polio has been associated with a striking decrease in the incidence of morbidity and mortality from these diseases. Simultaneous vaccination with a combination vaccine containing pertussis, diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and poliomyelitis vaccines have been used in Canada since 1958. Diphtheria…

PRIMAQUINE Sanofi Primaquine Phosphate Antimalarial Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Primaquine is an 8-aminoquinoline compound which eliminates tissue (exo-erythrocytic) infection. Thereby, it prevents the development of the erythrocytic forms of the parasite which are responsible for relapses in vivax and ovale malaria. Primaquine phosphate is also active against gametocytes of P. falciparum. Indications And Clinical Uses: For the radical cure (prevention of relapse) of vivax and ovale malaria. Contra-Indications: In acutely…

PLAQUENIL® Sanofi Hydroxychloroquine Sulfate Anti-inflammatory – Antimalarial Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Hydroxychloroquine has been beneficial for a high percentage of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and lupus erythematosus, especially chronic discoid lupus. The exact mode of action in controlling these diseases is unknown. The action of this compound against malarial parasites is similar to that of chloroquine phosphate. Indications And Clinical Uses: For the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, and discoid and…

OMNIPAQUE® Nycomed Imaging A.S. Iohexol Nonionic Radiographic Contrast Medium Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Immediately following rapid intravascular injection, iohexol reaches peak plasma concentration and is then rapidly distributed throughout the extracellular fluid compartment. Iohexol does not normally cross the blood-brain barrier to any significant extent. It is excreted unchanged by the kidneys, mainly by glomerular filtration; tubular secretion plays a minor role, and a very small quantity (1 to 2%)…

NUTROPIN® NUTROPIN® AQ Roche Somatropin Growth Hormone Action And Clinical Pharmacology: General: Somatropin is a human growth hormone (hGH) produced by recombinant DNA technology. The amino acid sequence of the somatropin protein is identical to that of pituitary-derived human growth hormone. In vitro and in vivo preclinical testing, and clinical testing have demonstrated that somatropin is therapeutically equivalent to pituitary-derived human growth hormone in pharmacokinetics, in stimulation of linear growth…

NASACORT® AQ Rhône-Poulenc Rorer Triamcinolone Acetonide Corticosteroid Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Triamcinolone acetonide is a potent anti-inflammatory steroid with strong topical and weak systemic activity. Triamcinolone acetonide is a more potent derivative of triamcinolone. Although triamcinolone itself is approximately 1 to 2 times as potent as prednisone in animal models of inflammation, triamcinolone acetonide is approximately 8 times more potent than prednisone. When administered intranasally in therapeutic doses, it has…

MEPRON® Glaxo Wellcome Atovaquone Antiprotozoal Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Atovaquone is a hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone, an analog of ubiquinone, with antipneumocystis activity. The mechanism of action against P. carinii has not been fully elucidated. Pharmacokinetics: The pharmacokinetics of atovaquone has been studied in healthy volunteers, HIV-infected adults with varying stages and manifestations of HIV infection and in immunocompromised children. The half-life of atovaquone is long (2 to 3 days) due to…

MALARONE™ Glaxo Wellcome Atovaquone – Proguanil HCl Antimalarial Action And Clinical Pharmacology: The constituents of Malarone, interfere with 2 different pathways involved in the biosynthesis of pyrimidines required for nucleic acid replication. Atovaquone is a selective inhibitor of parasite mitochondrial electron transport. Proguanil exerts its effect primarily by means of the metabolite cycloguanil, a dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor. Inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase in the malaria parasite disrupts deoxythymidylate synthesis. These two…

LOCACORTEN® VIOFORM® Eardrops Novartis Flumethasone Pivalate – Clioquinol Topical Aural Corticosteroid – Antibacterial – Antifungal Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Flumethasone pivalate is a moderately potent difluorinated glucocorticoid with anti-inflammatory, antipruritic, and vasoconstrictive properties. As it is a pivalate, its action is concentrated at the site of application. This local effect on diseased areas results in a prompt decrease in inflammation, exudation and itching. Clioquinol, the antimicrobial component of Locacorten Vioform…

LEVAQUIN® Janssen-Ortho Levofloxacin Antibacterial Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Levofloxacin is a synthetic broad spectrum antibacterial agent for oral and i.v. administration. Levofloxacin is the l-isomer of the racemate, ofloxacin, a quinolone antibacterial agent. The antibacterial activity of ofloxacin resides primarily in the l-isomer. The mechanism of action of levofloxacin and other quinolone antibacterials involves inhibition of DNA gyrase (bacterial topoisomerase II), an enzyme required for DNA replication, transcription, repair and…