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ZONALON Medicis Doxepin HCl Antipruritic Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Doxepin, a dibenzoxepin-derivative tricyclic compound, is a topical antipruritic. While the exact mechanism of antipruritic activity is unknown, doxepin exhibits potent histamine H1 and H2 receptor antagonist activity. Although the sedative effect of systemically absorbed doxepin may contribute to the drug’s antipruritic activity, the antipruritic efficacy of doxepin reportedly does not appear to depend on a sedative effect. tag_IndicationsIndications Indications…

ZITHROMAX™ Pfizer Azithromycin Dihydrate Antibiotic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Azithromycin, a macrolide antibiotic of the azalide subclass, exerts its antibacterial action by binding to the 50s ribosomal subunits of susceptible bacteria and suppressing protein synthesis. Following oral administration, azithromycin is rapidly absorbed (Tmax = 2 to 3 hours) and distributed widely throughout the body. Rapid movement of azithromycin from blood into tissue results in significantly higher azithromycin concentrations in tissue…

ZOFRAN® Glaxo Wellcome Ondansetron HCl Dihydrate Antiemetic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Ondansetron is a selective antagonist of the serotonin receptor subtype, 5-HT3. Its precise mode of action in the control of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting is not known. Cytotoxic chemotherapy and radiotherapy are associated with the release of serotonin (5-HT) from enterochromaffin cells of the small intestine, presumably initiating a vomiting reflex through stimulation of 5-HT3 receptors located on vagal…

ZOCOR® Frosst Simvastatin Lipid Metabolism Regulator Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Simvastatin is a cholesterol-lowering agent derived synthetically from a fermentation product of A. terreus. After oral ingestion, simvastatin, which is an inactive lactone, is hydrolyzed to the corresponding b-hydroxyacid form. This principal metabolite is a specific inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase. This enzyme catalyzes the conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate, which is an early and rate-limiting step in the…

ZILACTIN® ZILACTIN-B® ZILACTIN Baby® ZILACTIN-L® ZILACTIN-Lip® Zila Pharmaceuticals Benzyl Alcohol Benzocaine Benzocaine Lidocaine Octyl Methoxycinnamate – Homosalate – Oxybenzone – Dimethicone – Menthol Protective – Topical Analgesic – Emollient Preparation Indications And Clinical Uses: Zilactin: Zilactin medicated gel relieves pain and speeds healing of canker sores, fever blisters and cold sores. Zilactin forms a tenacious, occlusive film on the oral mucosa that holds the medication in place. The film can…

ZINACEF® Glaxo Wellcome Cefuroxime Sodium Antibiotic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: In vitro studies demonstrate that the bactericidal action of cefuroxime, a cephalosporin antibiotic, results from inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis by inhibiting the transpeptidase and carboxypeptidase enzymes. Cefuroxime is active against the following organisms in vitro: Gram-positive: S. pyogenes, S. viridans and S. pneumoniae. S. aureus, both penicillin sensitive and beta-lactamase producing. Clostridia. Some strains of methicillin resistant staphylococci…

ZINECARD™ Pharmacia & Upjohn Dexrazoxane Cardioprotective Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Dexrazoxane is a cyclic derivative of EDTA which, unlike EDTA, readily penetrates cell membranes. Dexrazoxane was shown to be able to protect the myocardium from anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity. The mechanism by which dexrazoxane exerts its cardioprotective activity is not fully understood. Results of laboratory studies suggest that dexrazoxane is converted intracellularly to an open-ringed chelating agent which interferes with iron-mediated…

ZERIT™ Bristol-Myers Squibb Stavudine Antiretroviral Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Stavudine is a synthetic thymidine nucleoside analogue active against the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). In vitro studies demonstrate that stavudine is converted to the triphosphate by cellular kinases. The 5′-triphosphate is the active form of the drug. In cell culture studies with 2 different cell lines, stavudine triphosphate had an intracellular half-life of 3.5 hours. Stavudine triphosphate has been shown to…

ZESTORETIC® Zeneca Lisinopril – Hydrochlorothiazide Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor – Diuretic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Zestoretic combines the action of an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, lisinopril, and a diuretic, hydrochlorothiazide. Lisinopril: Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) is a peptidyl dipeptidase which catalyzes the conversion of angiotensin I to the pressor substance, angiotensin II. Inhibition of ACE results in decreased plasma angiotensin II, which leads to increased plasma renin activity (due to…

ZESTRIL® Zeneca Lisinopril Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Lisinopril is an ACE inhibitor which is used in the treatment of hypertension, congestive heart failure and following myocardial infarction in hemodynamically stable patients. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) is a peptidyl dipeptidase which catalyzes the conversion of angiotensin I to the pressor substance, angiotensin II. Inhibition of ACE results in decreased plasma angiotensin II, which leads to increased plasma…