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IOPIDINE® 1% IOPIDINE® 0.5% Alcon Apraclonidine HCl Controls Postsurgical Intraocular Pressure Glaucoma Therapy Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Apraclonidine is a relatively selective alpha adrenergic agonist and does not have significant membrane stabilizing (local anesthetic) activity. When instilled into the eye, apraclonidine has the action of reducing intraocular pressure. The precise mechanism of the ocular hypotensive action of apraclonidine is not completely established at this time. Aqueous fluorophotometry studies in man…

IRON SALTS General Monograph Anemia Therapy Pharmacology: Iron is an important component of a number of enzymes necessary for energy transfer. It is also present in hemoglobin and myoglobin and is important in the metabolism of catecholamines and the functioning of neutrophils. Administration of iron preparations corrects erythropoietic abnormalities which are due to deficiency of iron. Iron does not stimulate erythropoiesis nor does it correct hemoglobin disturbances not caused by…

ISMO® Wyeth-Ayerst Isosorbide-5-Mononitrate Antianginal Action And Clinical Pharmacology: As with other organic nitrates, the principal pharmacological action of isosorbide-5-mononitrate, the major active metabolite of isosorbide dinitrate, is relaxation of vascular smooth muscle and consequent dilation of peripheral arteries and veins, especially the latter. Dilation of the veins promotes peripheral pooling of blood and decreases venous return to the heart, thereby reducing left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure…

INTROPIN® DuPont Pharma Dopamine HCl Sympathomimetic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Dopamine exerts an inotropic effect on the myocardium resulting in an increased cardiac output. Dopamine produces less increase in myocardial oxygen consumption than isoproterenol and its use is usually not associated with a tachyarrhythmia. Clinical studies indicate that dopamine at low and intermediate therapeutic doses usually increases systolic and pulse pressure with either no effect or a slight increase in…

INOCOR® Sanofi Amrinone Lactate Inotrope – Vasodilator Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Amrinone is a positive inotropic agent with vasodilatory activity, different in structure and mode of action from either digitalis glycosides or catecholamines. Its mechanism of action has not been fully elucidated. Experimental evidence indicates that it is not a beta-adrenergic agonist. It inhibits myocardial cyclic adenosine monophosphate phosphodiesterase (c-AMPase) activity and increases cellular levels of c-AMP. Unlike digoxin, it…

INTAL® SPINCAPS® INTAL® NEBULIZER SOLUTION Rh´ne-Poulenc Rorer Sodium Cromoglycate Bronchial Asthma Prophylaxis Action And Clinical Pharmacology: In vitro and in vivo animal studies have shown that sodium cromoglycate inhibits sensitized mast cell degranulation which occurs after exposure to specific antigens. Sodium cromoglycate acts by inhibiting the release of mediators from mast cells. Studies show that sodium cromoglycate indirectly blocks calcium ions from entering the mast cell, thereby preventing mediator release….

INTAL® INHALER INTAL® SYNCRONER® Rh´ne-Poulenc Rorer Sodium Cromoglycate Asthma Prophylaxis Action And Clinical Pharmacology: In vitro and in vivo animal studies have shown that sodium cromoglycate inhibits sensitized mast cell degranulation which occurs after exposure to specific antigens. Sodium cromoglycate acts by inhibiting the release of mediators from mast cells. Studies show that sodium cromoglycate indirectly blocks calcium ions from entering the mast cell, thereby preventing mediator release. Sodium cromoglycate…

INTRALIPID® 10% INTRALIPID® 20% INTRALIPID® 30% Pharmacia & Upjohn Fat Emulsions I.V. Nutrition Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Intralipid acts as an energy source in patients for whom the usual i.v. therapy would not be adequate and as a source of essential fatty acids to prevent essential fatty acid deficiency. Providing sufficient amounts of calories to satisfy basal metabolic requirements plus the additional needs imposed by disease and/or surgical stress can…

INTRON A® Schering Interferon alfa-2b Biological Response Modifier Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Interferon alfa-2b has exhibited antiproliferative effects in preclinical studies employing both cell culture systems and human tumor xenografts in animals, and has demonstrated significant immunomodulatory activity in vitro. Interferon alfa-2b also inhibits viral replication in vitro and in vivo. Interferons exert their cellular activities by binding to specific membrane receptors on the cell surface. The results of several…

INDOCID® P.D.A. MSD Indomethacin Sodium Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Agent for Closure of Patent Ductus Arteriosus Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Indomethacin is a nonsteroidal, anti-inflammatory agent which inhibits prostaglandin synthesis. The disposition of indomethacin following i.v. administration (0.2 mg/kg) in preterm neonates with patent ductus arteriosus has not been extensively evaluated. Even though the plasma half-life of indomethacin was variable among premature infants, it was shown to vary inversely with postnatal age…