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PROPECIA® MSD Finasteride Type II 5 Alpha-reductase Inhibitor Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Finasteride is a competitive and specific inhibitor of Type II 5 alpha-reductase, an intracellular enzyme that converts the androgen testosterone into dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Two distinct isozymes of 5 alpha-reductase are found in mice, rats, monkeys, and humans: Type I and II. Each of these isozymes is differentially expressed in tissues and developmental stages. In humans, Type I 5…

PROLASTIN® Bayer Alpha1-Proteinase Inhibitor (Human) Alpha1-Antitrypsin Replenisher Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency is a chronic, hereditary, usually fatal, autosomal recessive disorder in which a low concentration of alpha1-Pl (alpha1-antitrypsin) is associated with slowly progressive, severe panacinar emphysema that most often manifests itself in the third to fourth decades of life. (Although the terms alpha1-proteinase inhibitor and alpha1-antitrypsin are used interchangeably in the scientific literature, the hereditary disorder associated with…

PROLEUKIN® Ligand Aldesleukin Antineoplastic Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: The exact mechanism by which aldesleukin mediates its anitiumor activity is unknown. Aldesleukin has been shown to possess the biological activity of human native interleukin-2. In vitro studies performed on human cell lines demonstrate the immunoregulatory properties of aldesleukin, including: 1) enhancement of lymphocyte mitogenesis and stimulation of long-term growth of human interleukin-2 dependent cell lines; 2) enhancement of lymphocyte cytotoxicity;…

PROLOPRIM® Glaxo Wellcome Trimethoprim Antibacterial Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Trimethoprim blocks the production of tetrahydrofolic acid from dihydrofolic acid by binding to and reversibly inhibiting the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase. This binding is very much stronger for the bacterial enzyme than for the corresponding mammalian enzyme; thus, trimethoprim selectively interferes with bacterial biosynthesis of nucleic acids and proteins by causing a deficiency of endogenously produced thymine. The effect is usually bactericidal…

PROLOPA® Roche Levodopa – Benserazide Antiparkinsonian Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: The symptoms of Parkinson’s disease are to a high degree associated with striatal dopamine deficiency and degeneration of the dopamine containing neurons in the nigro-striatal bundle. However, administration of dopamine is ineffective in the treatment of Parkinson’s syndrome, because it does not cross the blood-brain barrier. Levodopa, which does permeate the blood-brain barrier, appears to correct the akinesia of…

PRODIEM® PLAIN Novartis Consumer Health Psyllium Bulk Forming Laxative Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Psyllium is a high fiber bulk forming laxative. It absorbs water and expands to provide increased bulk and moisture content to the stool. The increased bulk encourages normal peristalsis and bowel motility. tag_IndicationsIndications Indications And Clinical Uses: The relief of simple, chronic, atonic, and spastic constipation and for constipation associated with pregnancy, convalescence and advanced age. For…

PROFASI® HP Serono Chorionic Gonadotropin Gonadotropin Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Chorionic gonadotropin, extracted from the urine of pregnant women, is a water-soluble polypeptide hormone produced by the human placenta composed of an alpha and a beta sub-unit. The alpha sub-unit is essentially identical to the alpha sub-units of the human pituitary gonadotropins, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), as well as to the alpha sub-unit of human thyroid-stimulating hormone…

PROGLYCEM® Schering Diazoxide Hyperglycemic Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Diazoxide, a benzothiadiazine derivative, when administered orally produces a prompt dose-related increase in blood glucose level, due primarily to an inhibition of insulin release from the pancreas and also to an extrapancreatic effect. The hyperglycemic effect begins within an hour and generally lasts no more than 8 hours in the presence of normal renal function. Diazoxide decreases the excretion of sodium…

PROGRAF® Fujisawa Tacrolimus Immunosuppressant Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Tacrolimus is a macrolide immunosuppressant produced by Streptomyces tsukubaensis. Mechanism of Action: Tacrolimus prolongs the survival of the host and transplanted graft in animal transplant models of liver, kidney, heart, bone marrow, small bowel and pancreas, lung and trachea, skin, cornea and limb. Tacrolimus has been demonstrated to suppress some humoral immunity and, to a greater extent, cell-mediated reactions such as allograft…

PROCTOFOAM™-HC R & C Hydrocortisone Acetate – Pramoxine HCl Anorectal Therapy Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Proctofoam-HC combines the anti-inflammatory action of hydrocortisone with the surface anesthetic effect of pramoxine HCl. tag_IndicationsIndications Indications And Clinical Uses: The temporary relief of anorectal inflammation, pruritus, pain and swelling associated with hemorrhoids, proctitis, cryptitis, fissures, postoperative pain and pruritus ani. Contra-Indications: The presence of active infection, abscess, extensive fistulas or sinus tracts, tuberculosis, varicella,…