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EVISTA™ Lilly Raloxifene HCl Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Raloxifene is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) that belongs to the benzothiophene class of compounds. The SERM profile of raloxifene includes estrogen agonist effects on bone and lipid metabolism but not in uterine or breast tissues. Pharmacokinetics: The disposition of raloxifene has been evaluated in 276 postmenopausal women in conventional clinical pharmacology studies and in more than…

EXOSURF® NEONATAL Glaxo Wellcome Colfosceril Palmitate Synthetic Lung Surfactant Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Surfactant deficiency is an important factor in the development of the neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Natural surfactant, a combination of lipids and apoproteins, exhibits not only surface tension reducing properties (conferred by the lipids), but also rapid spreading and adsorption (conferred by the apoproteins). The major fraction of the lipid component of natural surfactant is colfosceril…

FAMVIR™ SmithKline Beecham Famciclovir Antiviral Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Famciclovir is the orally administered pro-drug of the antiviral agent penciclovir. Famciclovir itself has no antiviral activity until it is biotransformed to penciclovir. Following oral administration little or no famciclovir is detected in plasma or urine since famciclovir is rapidly converted via deacetylation and oxidation to penciclovir. Studies in volunteers have shown that famciclovir is well absorbed and produces plasma…

EUMOVATE® Glaxo Wellcome Clobetasone 17-butyrate Topical Corticosteroid Action And Clinical Pharmacology: The corticosteroids are a class of compounds comprising steroid hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex and their synthetic analogs. In pharmacologic doses, corticosteroids are used primarily for their anti-inflammatory and/or immunosuppressive effects. Topical corticosteroids such as clobetasone are effective in the treatment of corticosteroid-responsive dermatoses primarily because of their anti-inflammatory, anti-puritic, and vasoconstrictive actions. However while the physiologic, pharmacologic…

EUGLUCON® Pharmascience Glyburide Oral Hypoglycemic Indications And Clinical Uses: To control hyperglycemia in glyburide responsive diabetes mellitus of stable, mild, nonketosis prone, maturity-onset or adult type which cannot be controlled by proper dietary management and exercise, or when insulin therapy is not appropriate. Contra-Indications: Known hypersensitivity or allergy to glyburide; unstable and/or insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus; ketoacidosis; coma; stress conditions such as severe infections, trauma or surgery; the presence of jaundice,…

EURAX® Novartis Consumer Health Crotamiton Antipruritic Indications And Clinical Uses: To relieve itching in most types of dermatosis, notably: atopic dermatitis, chickenpox, contact dermatitis, creeping eruption, dermatitis herpetiformis, dermatitis medicamentosa, dermatophytosis, eczema, insect bites, intertrigo, lichen planus, neurodermatitis, neurotic excoriation, pityriasis rosea, poison ivy dermatitis, pruritus ani, scroti and vulvae, psoriasis, seborrheic dermatitis, senile pruritus, sunburn, urticaria, varicose eczema. Contra-Indications: Acutely inflamed skin or raw, weeping areas. Hypersensitivity to crotamiton….

ETRAFON® Preparations Schering Amitriptyline HCl – Perphenazine Antidepressant – Antipsychotic Indications And Clinical Uses: The treatment of patients with anxious or agitated depression. Particularly indicated in patients with depression associated with marked psychomotor unrest and anxiety. Etrafon has also been used in some schizophrenic patients who have associated symptoms of depression and in depressed patients suffering from marked agitation, anxiety and tension, which may respond to a phenothiazine agent. Contraindications,…

ETHAMBUTOL HCl General Monograph Antimycobacterial Pharmacology: Ethambutol is a bacteriostatic agent which diffuses into actively growing mycobacterium cells such as tubercle bacilli, where it inhibits the synthesis of one or more essential metabolites, causing impairment of cell metabolism, arrest of multiplication, and cell death. It is active in vitro against strains of M. tuberculosis and other Mycobacterium species, but not other bacteria, fungi or viruses. Resistance develops rapidly if ethambutol…

ETHYOL® Lilly Amifostine Cytoprotective Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Amifostine is a prodrug that is dephosphorylated to a pharmacologically active metabolite, the free thiol (WR-1065), at the tissue site by membrane-bound alkaline phosphatase. The ability of amifostine to selectively protect normal tissues is based upon the differential metabolism and uptake of the free thiol into normal versus malignant tissues. This differential effect is attributed to the higher capillary alkaline phosphatase…

ETOPOSIDE INJECTION Novopharm Antineoplastic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Etoposide is a semisynthetic derivative of podophyllotoxin. Etoposide exhibits cytostatic activity in vitro by preventing cells from entering mitosis or by destroying them at a premitotic stage. Etoposide interferes with the synthesis of DNA and appears to arrest human lymphoblastic cells in the late S-G2 phases of the cell cycle. The effects of etoposide on the human hematopoietic system are substantial. The…