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ALBERT® TIAFEN ALBERT® TIAFEN SR Albert Pharma Tiaprofenic Acid Anti-inflammatory – Analgesic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Tiaprofenic acid, a propionic acid derivative, is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic and antipyretic properties. Its mechanism of action, as with other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, is not yet completely known. Tiaprofenic acid is an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthetase enzymes which are known to be associated with inflammation and pain. The therapeutic effect of…

ALDACTONE® Searle Spironolactone Aldosterone Antagonist Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Spironolactone is a specific pharmacologic antagonist of aldosterone, acting primarily through competitive binding of receptors at the aldosterone-dependent, sodium-potassium exchange site in the distal convoluted renal tubule. Spironolactone causes increased amounts of sodium and water to be excreted, while potassium loss is minimized. Spironolactone acts both as a diuretic and as an antihypertensive drug by this mechanism. It may be given…

ALDACTAZIDE 25® ALDACTAZIDE 50® Searle Spironolactone – Hydrochlorothiazide Aldosterone Antagonist – Diuretic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: A combination of two diuretic agents with different but complementary mechanisms and sites of action. Spironolactone component helps to minimize the potassium loss which may be induced by the thiazide component. Spironolactone is a specific pharmacologic antagonist of the adrenal mineralocorticoid, aldosterone, acting primarily through competitive binding with receptors at the aldosterone-dependent sodium/potassium exchange…

AIROMIR™ 3M Pharmaceuticals Salbutamol Sulfate Bronchodilator – b2-adrenergic Stimulant Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Salbutamol produces bronchodilation through stimulation of b2-adrenergic receptors in bronchial smooth muscle, thereby causing relaxation of bronchial muscle fibers. This action results in improved pulmonary function as demonstrated by spirometric measurements. At therapeutic doses, salbutamol has little action on the b1-adrenergic receptors in cardiac muscle. Clinical experience has shown that inhaled salbutamol, like other b-adrenergic agonists, can…

ADVANTAGE 24™ Roberts Nonoxynol-9 Vaginal Contraceptive Gel Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Nonoxynol-9 (paranonyl-phenoxypolyethoxyethanol) is a commonly used spermicidal agent. Nonoxynol-9 is responsible for cell membrane breakage; it decreases surface tension and kills epithelial cells. The vaginal contraceptive gel is a new gel designed to provide a steady release of nonoxynol-9 after a single vaginal application. Commonly available spermicidal formulations must be used close to the time of intercourse if they…

ADVIL® Whitehall-Robins Ibuprofen Analgesic – Antipyretic Indications And Clinical Uses: Adults and Children over 12: For fast and effective relief of headaches, toothache and menstrual pain, and for minor aches and pain associated with arthritis, muscles, joints and backache, and for reduction of fever. Children 12 and under: For fever and pain due to colds, sore throat, immunizatin and earache. Contra-Indications: Hypersensitivity to ibuprofen. Patients with active peptic ulcers or…

ADVIL® COLD & SINUS Whitehall-Robins Ibuprofen – Pseudoephedrine HCl Analgesic – Antipyretic – Decongestant Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Ibuprofen has exhibited analgesic and antipyretic activity in animal studies designed to specifically demonstrate these effects. Ibuprofen has been shown to have no glucocorticoid-like activity. Pseudoephedrine is an orally effective nasal decongestant when administered in doses of 60 mg/dose, up to 240 mg/day. In order to comply with the flexible dosing schedule…

AGRYLIN™ Roberts Anagrelide HCl Platelet-reducing Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: The mechanism by which anagrelide reduces blood platelet count is still under investigation. Studies in patients support a hypothesis of dose-related reduction in platelet production resulting from a decrease in megakaryocyte hypermaturation. In blood withdrawn from normal volunteers treated with anagrelide, a disruption was found in the postmitotic phase of megakaryocyte development and a reduction in megakaryocyte size and ploidy….

ADENOCARD® Fujisawa Adenosine Antiarrhythmic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Adenosine is an endogenous nucleoside occurring in all cells of the body. When injected i.v. adenosine slows atrioventricular (AV) nodal conduction, can interrupt the reentry pathways through the AV node and can restore normal sinus rhythm in patients with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT), including PSVT associated with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. Adenosine is antagonized competitively by methylxanthines such as caffeine and theophylline and potentiated…

ADRIAMYCIN® Pharmacia & Upjohn Doxorubicin HCl Antineoplastic Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Though not completely elucidated, the mechanism of action of doxorubicin is related to its ability to bind to DNA and inhibit nucleic acid synthesis. Cell culture studies have demonstrated rapid cell penetration and perinucleolar chromatin binding, rapid inhibition of mitotic activity and nucleic acid synthesis, mutagenesis and chromosomal aberrations. Animal studies have shown activity in a wide spectrum…