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RITALIN® RITALIN® SR Novartis Pharmaceuticals Methylphenidate HCI CNS Stimulant Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Methylphenidate is a mild CNS stimulant. The mode of action in man is not completely understood, but methylphenidate presumably activates the brain stem arousal system and cortex to produce its stimulant effect. There is neither specific evidence which clearly establishes the mechanism whereby methylphenidate produces its mental and behavioral effects in children, nor conclusive evidence regarding how…

RIVOTRIL® Roche Clonazepam Anticonvulsant Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Clonazepam has pharmacological properties characteristic of the benzodiazepine class of drugs. Clonazepam has sedative, hypnotic and anticonvulsant properties. As an anticonvulsant it is useful in the management of minor motor seizures (myoclonic seizures) and may be of some value in selected patients with absence spells (petit mal) who have failed to respond satisfactorily to the succinimides. Clonazepam is capable of suppressing the…

RIFATER™ Hoechst Marion Roussel Rifampin – Isoniazid – Pyrazinamide Antituberculous Antibiotic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Rifater is an antibacterial fixed combination product containing 120 mg rifampin, 50 mg isoniazid and 300 mg pyrazinamide used for the treatment of tuberculosis. Rifampin, isoniazid and pyrazinamide are bactericidal agents active against both intracellular and extracellular tuberculosis organisms. Rifampin inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity in susceptible cells. Specifically, it interacts with bacterial RNA polymerase,…

RIMACTANE® Novartis Pharmaceuticals Rifampin Antituberculous Antibiotic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Rifampin inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity in susceptible cells. Specifically, it interacts with bacterial RNA polymerase. This is the probable mechanism of action by which rifampin exerts its therapeutic effect. Pharmacokinetics: Absorption: Peak blood levels in normal adults vary widely from individual to individual. Peak levels occur between 2 and 4 hours following the oral administration of a 600 mg…

RIMSO®-50 Roberts Dimethyl Sulfoxide Genitourinary Disorders Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Dimethyl sulfoxide has a wide spectrum of primary pharmacologic activity including: membrane penetrant, solute carrier across membranes, anti-inflammatory, analgesia, diuresis, cholinesterase inhibition, muscle relaxation, vasodilation, penetrant of blood-brain barrier. Although the mode of action of dimethyl sulfoxide as a treatment for various inflammatory genitourinary disorders is speculative at this time, hypotheses centre around the following: anti-inflammation, analgesic, improvement of blood…

RHINOCORT® TURBUHALER® Astra Budesonide Glucocorticosteroid Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Budesonide is a potent nonhalogenated synthetic glucocorticosteroid with strong topical and weak systemic effects. Budesonide has a high topical anti-inflammatory potency and it is rapidly biotransformed in the liver. This favorable separation between topical anti-inflammatory activity and systemic effect is due to strong glucocorticosteroid receptor affinity and an effective first pass metabolism with a short half-life. The mechanism of action of…

RHINOCORT® AQUA Astra Budesonide Glucocorticosteroid Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Budesonide is a potent nonhalogenated synthetic glucocorticosteroid with strong topical and weak systemic effects. Budesonide has a high topical anti-inflammatory potency and it is rapidly biotransformed in the liver. This favorable separation between topical anti-inflammatory activity and systemic effect is due to strong glucocorticosteroid receptor affinity and an effective first pass metabolism with a short half-life. The mechanism of action of…

RHEOMACRODEX® Medisan Pharmaceuticals Dextran 40 Plasma Volume Expander Action And Clinical Pharmacology: The biological properties of dextrans are functions of molecular structure, average molecular weight and molecular weight distribution. For Rheomacrodex these have been selected so that the preparation exerts both a general and a microcirculatory flow improving effect, at the same time producing a rapid increase in plasma volume. Following the infusion of Rheomacrodex, approximately 60% of the dextran…

REVIA® DuPont Pharma Naltrexone HCl Opioid Antagonist Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Pharmacodynamic Actions: Naltrexone is a pure opioid antagonist. It markedly attenuates or completely blocks, reversibly, the subjective effects of i.v. administered opioids. [In this context, the term opioid is used to describe 1) classic morphine-like agonists and 2) analgesics possessing agonist and antagonist activity (e.g., butorphanol, nalbuphine and pentazocine).] When coadministered with morphine, on a chronic basis, naltrexone blocks…

RHINALAR® Roche Flunisolide Nasal Mist Allergic Rhinitis Therapy Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Flunisolide has demonstrated marked anti-inflammatory and antiallergic efficacy in classical animal test systems. It is a corticosteroid which is several hundred times more potent in animal anti-inflammatory assays than the cortisol standard. Clinical studies with flunisolide have shown a topical activity on the nasal mucous membrane with minimal associated systemic activity at the low spray doses administered. The…