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CALMURID® HC Galderma Hydrocortisone – Urea Topical Corticosteroid – Emollient Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Topical corticosteroids are synthetic derivatives of cortisone which are effective when applied locally to control many types of inflammatory, allergic and pruritic dermatoses. They are thought to act by controlling the rate of synthesis of proteins. The primary action of the corticosteroid is to interfere with the synthesis of arachidonic acid by inhibiting the phospholipase A2…

CALCIUM STANLEY Stanley Calcium Glucoheptonate – Calcium Gluconate Calcium Therapy Indications And Clinical Uses: As a dietary supplement where calcium intake may be inadequate: childhood and adolescence, pregnancy and lactation, postmenopausal females and in the aged. In the treatment of calcium deficiency states which may occur in diseases such as: tetany of the newborn (as a supplement to parenterally administered calcium), hypoparathyroidism (acute and chronic), pseudohypoparathyroidism, postmenopausal and senile osteoporosis,…

CALCIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP Astra Calcium Therapy Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Calcium plays important physiologic roles, many of which are not completely understood. Calcium is essential for the proper functioning of nerve and muscle, where it has a major influence on stimulation thresholds and the release of neurotransmitters. It is necessary for muscle contraction, maintenance of the integrity of membranes, coagulation of the blood, and cardiac function. Calcium also plays…

CALCIUM GLUCONATE INJECTION USP Astra Electrolyte Replenisher Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Calcium plays important physiologic roles, many of which are not completely understood. Calcium is essential for the proper functioning of nerve and muscle, where it has a major influence on stimulation thresholds and the release of neurotransmitters. It is necessary for muscle contraction, renal function, maintenance of the integrity of membranes, coagulation of the blood, and cardiac function. Calcium…

CALCIUM SALTS: PARENTERAL General Monograph, Calcium Therapy Pharmacology: Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the human body and is essential for maintaining the functional integrity of nervous and musculoskeletal systems as well as cell membrane and capillary permeability. The majority (99%) of body calcium is contained in bone with the remainder equally distributed between intra- and extracellular fluids. Calcium is an activator in many enzymatic reactions and is necessary…

C.E.S.® ICN Conjugated Estrogens Estrogens Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Conjugated estrogens are a mixture of estrogens derived from plant sterols and contain the sodium salts of water-soluble estrogen sulfates. C.E.S. is derived from plant sterols, only. Conjugated estrogens contain estrone, equilin, 17-a-dihydroequilin, 17-a-estradiol, equilenin and 17-a-dihydroequilenin as salts of their sulfate esters. Actions: Metabolic and Somatic Effects: Estrogens are responsible for the development and maintenance of the female reproductive system…

CYTOXAN® Bristol Cyclophosphamide Antineoplastic Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Cyclophosphamide is activated by metabolism in the liver by the mixed-function oxidase system of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. The hepatic cytochrome P-450 mixed-function converts cyclophosphamide to 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide, which is in a steady state with the acyclic tautomer, aldophosphamide. The drug and its metabolites are distributed throughout the body including the brain. Cyclophosphamide, which is biologically relatively inactive, is eliminated from the…

CAFERGOT® Novartis Pharmaceuticals Ergotamine Tartrate – Caffeine Migraine Therapy Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Ergotamine is an alpha adrenergic blocking agent with a direct stimulating effect on the smooth muscle of peripheral and cranial blood vessels; it produces depression of the central vasomotor centers. Its properties also include serotonin antagonism. In comparison to dihydrogenated ergotamine, the adrenergic blocking actions of ergotamine tartrate are less pronounced and vasoconstrictive actions are greater. The…

CAFERGOT-PB® Novartis Pharmaceuticals Ergotamine Tartrate – Belladonna – Caffeine – Pentobarbital Migraine Therapy Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Ergotamine is an alpha adrenergic blocking agent with a direct stimulating effect on the smooth muscle of peripheral and cranial blood vessels; it produces depression of the central vasomotor centres. Its properties also include serotonin antagonism. In comparison to dihydrogenated ergotamine, the adrenergic blocking actions of ergotamine tartrate are less pronounced and vasoconstriction…

CYTARABINE INJECTION Faulding Antileukemic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Cytarabine is converted intracellularly to the nucleotide, cytarabine triphosphate. Although the exact mechanism(s) of action of cytarabine has not been fully elucidated, cytarabine triphosphate appears to inhibit DNA polymerase by competing with the physiologic substrate, deoxycytidine triphosphate, resulting in the inhibition of DNA synthesis. Although limited, incorporation of cytarabine triphosphate into DNA and RNA may also contribute to the cytotoxic effects of…