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PROSTIGMIN® Preparations ICN Neostigmine Parasympathomimetic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Neostigmine inhibits the destruction of acetylcholine by cholinesterase, thus permitting freer transmission of nerve impulses across the neuromuscular junction. It also has a direct effect on voluntary muscle fibres and possibly on autonomic ganglion cells and neurons of the CNS. After absorption or i.v. administration, 80% of a dose is excreted by the kidney in the unchanged (50%) and metabolized (30%)…

PROMETRIUM™ Schering Progesterone Progestin Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Micronized progesterone is an oral dosage form of the naturally occurring steroid; it is chemically identical to progesterone of ovarian origin. Micronization of progesterone improves its absorption by the digestive tract by increasing the surface area in contact between the steroid and the mucous membrane. Pharmacokinetic studies indicate that plasma progesterone levels within the luteal range are achieved with peak levels at…

PROLASTIN® Bayer Alpha1-Proteinase Inhibitor (Human) Alpha1-Antitrypsin Replenisher Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency is a chronic, hereditary, usually fatal, autosomal recessive disorder in which a low concentration of alpha1-Pl (alpha1-antitrypsin) is associated with slowly progressive, severe panacinar emphysema that most often manifests itself in the third to fourth decades of life. (Although the terms alpha1-proteinase inhibitor and alpha1-antitrypsin are used interchangeably in the scientific literature, the hereditary disorder associated with…

PROLEUKIN® Ligand Aldesleukin Antineoplastic Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: The exact mechanism by which aldesleukin mediates its anitiumor activity is unknown. Aldesleukin has been shown to possess the biological activity of human native interleukin-2. In vitro studies performed on human cell lines demonstrate the immunoregulatory properties of aldesleukin, including: 1) enhancement of lymphocyte mitogenesis and stimulation of long-term growth of human interleukin-2 dependent cell lines; 2) enhancement of lymphocyte cytotoxicity;…

PROLOPRIM® Glaxo Wellcome Trimethoprim Antibacterial Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Trimethoprim blocks the production of tetrahydrofolic acid from dihydrofolic acid by binding to and reversibly inhibiting the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase. This binding is very much stronger for the bacterial enzyme than for the corresponding mammalian enzyme; thus, trimethoprim selectively interferes with bacterial biosynthesis of nucleic acids and proteins by causing a deficiency of endogenously produced thymine. The effect is usually bactericidal…

PROLOPA® Roche Levodopa – Benserazide Antiparkinsonian Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: The symptoms of Parkinson’s disease are to a high degree associated with striatal dopamine deficiency and degeneration of the dopamine containing neurons in the nigro-striatal bundle. However, administration of dopamine is ineffective in the treatment of Parkinson’s syndrome, because it does not cross the blood-brain barrier. Levodopa, which does permeate the blood-brain barrier, appears to correct the akinesia of…

PRODIEM® PLAIN Novartis Consumer Health Psyllium Bulk Forming Laxative Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Psyllium is a high fiber bulk forming laxative. It absorbs water and expands to provide increased bulk and moisture content to the stool. The increased bulk encourages normal peristalsis and bowel motility. tag_IndicationsIndications Indications And Clinical Uses: The relief of simple, chronic, atonic, and spastic constipation and for constipation associated with pregnancy, convalescence and advanced age. For…

PRODIEM® PLUS Novartis Consumer Health Psyllium – Senna Bulk Forming Laxative – Mild Stimulant Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Prodiem Plus is a unique combination of a bulk forming fibre and a mild stimulant. It is a gentle method for the relief of acute and obstinate constipation without harsh chemical laxatives and is often effective in 12 to 24 hours Psyllium is a high fibre bulk forming laxative. It absorbs water…

OXSORALEN™ ICN Methoxsalen Melanin Repigmentation – Photochemotherapy of Atopic Dermatitis and Psoriasis Indications And Clinical Uses: Repigmentation of vitiliginous lesions, to protect against solar sensitivity. Oral route is preferred if extensive repigmentation is desired, since topical application can only be applied to a small area at a time. For treatment of psoriasis and atopic dermatitis in combination with high intensity UVA light. Contra-Indications: Hepatic insufficiency. Diseases associated with photosensitivity, such…

OXSORALEN-ULTRA™ ICN Methoxsalen Melanin Repigmentation – Tolerance Increase to Solar Exposure – Photochemotherapy of Atopic Dermatitis and Psoriasis Indications And Clinical Uses: Repigmentation of idiopathic vitiligo; increasing tolerance to sunlight. Treatment of psoriasis and atopic dermatitis in combination with high intensity UVA light (photochemotherapy). Contra-Indications: Hepatic insufficiency and in those diseases associated with photosensitivity; such as porphyria, acute lupus erythematosus, hydroa and polymorphic light eruptions. In leukoderma of infectious origin…